兰州沙尘暴样品磁学性质与粒度分析及其与悉尼样品的对比

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2013.00032

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对2009年9月23日悉尼特强沙尘暴和2010年4月兰州沙尘暴样品进行了磁学参数和粒度测量。结果表明：悉尼尘暴样品中磁性矿物含量远远低于兰州样品。磁性矿物种类略有不同，兰州样品主要含有磁铁矿、磁赤铁矿，可能含有赤铁矿；悉尼样品除了上述矿物外，还含有针铁矿。悉尼样品比兰州样品的磁性矿物颗粒要细。悉尼样品的粒度分布曲线呈现四峰态，粒度曲线呈现宽扁形态；兰州样品呈现三峰态，粒度曲线则呈窄高的形态。沙尘暴样品与源区样品磁学性质的大相径庭及粒度曲线的多峰态分布都说明了沙尘暴物源的非惟一性。此外，将兰州沙尘暴样品与九州台黄土-古土壤样品的粒度进行了比较，结果显示，1～10 μm组分含量的增加及10～20 μm组分含量的减少主要与不稳定矿物的物理化学风化过程有关，0.02～1 μm组分含量增加的主要原因是新矿物的生成及不稳定矿物的风化。沙尘暴样品与黄土-古土壤样品的粒度分布曲线具有一定的相似性，说明现代沙尘暴事件是地质时期风尘活动的持续，现代风积作用仍在继续。

关键词: 悉尼, 兰州, 沙尘暴, 粒度, 磁学性质, 沙尘物源

Abstract:

Measurements of magnetic properties and particle size were carried out for sand-storm samples collected in Sydney on September 23, 2009 and in Lanzhou in April 2010. The results showed that the magnetic content of Lanzhou sample was much higher than that of Sydney sample. Both samples differed slightly in mineralogy. Lanzhou sample contained maghemite, hematite and possibly hematite. Besides these minerals, Sydney sample likely contained goethite. The magnetic grain size of Sydney sample was finer than that of Lanzhou sample. As to particle-size distribution, Sydney sample showed a wide and flat curve with four peaks, while Lanzhou sample displayed a narrow curve with three peaks. The great difference in magnetic properties between storm samples and source samples and the multi-peak particle-size distribution curves were all indicative of multisource storms. Furthermore, a comparison of particle size between Lanzhou storm sample and Jiuzhoutai loess samples was made. The results showed that the increase of 1-10 μm component and the decrease of 10-20 μm component were caused by the physical and chemical weathering of unstable minerals, while the increase of 0.02-1 μm component was mainly contributed to the formation of new minerals and the weathering of unstable minerals. The certain similarity of particle size distribution curves between Lanzhou sand-storm sample and loess-paloesol sample, implied a linkage between modern storm events and geological eolian activities.

Key words: Sydney, Lanzhou, sand storm, particle size, magnetic properties, source of dust

中图分类号:

P445.4

马明明1, 刘秀铭2,3, 李平原1, 吕镔1, 丰华1, 雷培文2. 兰州沙尘暴样品磁学性质与粒度分析及其与悉尼样品的对比[J]. 中国沙漠, 2013, 33(1): 231-238.

MA Ming-ming1, LIU Xiu-ming2,3, LI Ping-yuan1, L Bin1, FENG Hua1, LEI Pei-wen2. Comparison of the Magnetic and Grain Size Properties between the Sand-storm Samples from Lanzhou and Sydney[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2013, 33(1): 231-238.

参考文献

[1]刘东生.黄土与环境[M].北京:科学出版社,1985:1-481.

[2]王式功,杨德保,周与素,等.我国西北地区94·4沙尘暴成因探讨[J].中国沙漠,1995,15(4):332-338.

[3]戴雪荣,李吉均,俞立中,等.兰州风尘沉积的粒度分布模式及其古气候意义[J].沉积学报,2000,18(1):36-42.

[4]王赞红,夏正楷.北京2002年3月20—21日尘暴过程的降尘量与降尘粒度特征[J].第四纪研究,2004,24(1):95-99.

[5]谢远云,何葵,康春国.哈尔滨市特大沙尘暴沉降物的粒度分布及意义[J].中国地质,2005,32(3):502-506.

[6]庄国顺,郭敬华,袁蕙,等.2000年我国沙尘暴的组成、来源、粒径分布及其对全球环境的影响[J].科学通报,2001,46(3):191-197.

[7]张小曳.亚洲粉尘的源区分布、释放、输送、沉降与黄土堆积[J].第四纪研究,2001,21(1):29-40.

[8]Qiu J,Yang L.Variation characteristics of atmospheric aerosol optical depths and visibility in North China during 1980-1994[J].Atmospheric Environment,1999,34(4):603-609.

[9]吕艳丽,刘连友,屈志强,等.中国北方典型沙尘天气特征研究[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(2):447-453.

[10]李晋昌,董治宝,钱广强,等.中国北方不同区域典型站点降尘特性的对比[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(6):1269-1277.

[11]周德平,王扬锋,洪也,等.2007年春季沙尘暴对辽宁中部城市群空气质量的影响[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(4):976-982.

[12]王赞红.现代尘暴降尘与非尘暴降尘的粒度特征[J].地理学报,2003,58(4):606-610 .

[13]李玉霖,拓万全,崔建垣.兰州市沙尘天气和沙尘天气降尘的粒度特征比较[J].中国沙漠,2006,26(4):644-647.

[14]戴雪荣,师育新,薛滨.兰州现代特大尘暴沉积物粒度特征及其意义[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),1995,31(4):168-174.

[15]Chen F H,Yang L P,Wang J M,et al.Study on atmospheric particulate pollution of Lanzhou using magnetic measurements[J].Journal of Environment Sciences,1999,11(3):373-377.

[16]夏敦胜,杨丽萍,马剑英,等.中国北方城市大气降尘磁学特征及其环境意义[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2007,37(8):1073-1080.

[17]王丽,夏敦胜,余晔,等.北疆地区城市大气降尘磁学特征及其环境意义[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(3):699-705.

[18]夏敦胜,王冠,马剑英,等.兰州市大气降尘环境磁学特征研究[J].中国沙漠,2007,27(5):859-865.

[19]Heller F,Liu T S.Palaeoclimate and sedimentary history from magnetic susceptibility of Loess in China[J].Geophysical Research Letters,1986,13(11):1169-1172.

[20]An Z S,Kukla G J,Porter S C,et al.Magnetic susceptibility evidence of monsoon variation on the Loess Plateau of Central China during the last 130 000 years[J].Quaternary Research,1991,36(1):29-36.

[21]Zhou L P,Oldfield F,Wintle A G,et al.Partly pedogenic origin of magnetic variations in Chinese Loess[J].Nature,1990,346:737-739.

[22]邓成龙,刘青松,潘永信,等.中国黄土环境磁学[J].第四纪研究,2007,27(2):193-209.

[23]Bloemendal J,Oldfield F,Thompson R.Magnetic measurements used to assess sediment influx at Llyn Goddionduon[J].Nature,1979,280:50-53.

[24]Oldfield F,Thompson R,Barber K E.Changing atmospheric fallout of magnetic particles recorded in Recent Ombrotrophic Peat Section[J].Science,1978,199:679-690.

[25]胡守云,王苏民,Appel E,等.呼伦湖湖泊沉积物磁化率变化的环境磁学机制[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,1998,28(4):334-339.

[26]胡守云,Appel E,Hoffmann V,等.湖泊沉积物中胶黄铁矿的鉴出及其磁学意义[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2002,23(3):234-238.

[27]刘健,朱日祥,李绍全,等.南黄海东南部冰后期泥质沉积物中磁性矿物的成岩变化及其对环境变化的响应[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2003,33(6):583-592.

[28]张春霞,黄宝春,李震宇,等.高速公路附近树叶的磁学性质及其对环境污染的指示意义[J].科学通报,2006,51(12):1459-1468.

[29]Thompson R,Oldfield F.Environmental Magnetism[M].London:Allen Unwin,1986:1-227.

[30]夏敦胜,魏海涛,马剑英,等.中亚地区现代表土磁学特征及其古环境意义[J].第四纪研究,2006,26(6):937-946.

[31]王喜生,李学军.等温剩磁获得曲线的累积对数高斯模型在泥河湾盆地磁组分识别中的运用[J].地学前缘,2003,10(1):163-169.

[32]Liu X M,Hesse P,Rolph T.Origin ofmaghaemite in Chinese loess deposits:Aeolian or pedogenic?[J].Physics of the Earth and Planeary Interior,1999,112(3-4):191-201.

[33]Hanesch M,Stanjek H,Petersen N.Thermomagnetic measurements of soil ironminerals:the role of organic carbon[J].Geophysical Journal International,2006,165(1):53-61.

[34]Kleteschka Günther,Banerjee Subir K.Magnetic stratigraphy of Chinese loess as a record of natural fires[J].Geophysical Research Letters,1995,22(11):1341-1343.

[35]强明瑞,陈发虎,周爱峰,等.苏干湖沉积物粒度组成记录尘暴事件的初步研究[J].第四纪研究,2006,26(6):915-922.

[36]Maher B A,Prospero J M,Mackie D,et al.Global connections between Aeolian dust,climate and ocean biogeochemistry at the present day and the last glacial maximum[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2010,99:61-97.

[37]孙有斌,鹿化煜,安芷生.黄土-古土壤中石英颗粒的粒度分布[J].科学通报,2000,45(19):2094-2097.

[38]孙东怀.黄土粒度分布中的超细粒组分及其成因[J].第四纪研究,2006,26(6):928-936.

[39]Paton T R.The Formation of Soil Material[M].London:George Allen & Uniwin Press,1978:1-143.

[40]Bronger A,Heinkele T H.Mineralogical and clay mineralogical aspects of loess research[J].Quaternary International,1990,7(7-8):37-51.