乌兰布和沙漠东北缘地表风沙流结构特征

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2014.00096

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在国家林业局磴口荒漠生态站长期监测的基础上，利用多种积沙仪，对乌兰布和沙漠东北缘流动沙丘、油蒿半固定沙丘、白刺半固定沙丘、油蒿固定沙丘、白刺固定沙丘5种典型下垫面近地面（0～100 cm）的风沙流输沙量进行了实地观测和对比分析。结果表明：（1）输沙率（q）随高度（h）增加呈幂函数（q=ah^-b，R²≥0.8409）规律衰减，随风速（v）增大呈幂函数（q=av^b，R²≥0.9256）规律增加，42.8%～70.7%的输沙量分布在10 cm高度内，67.6%～90.0%的输沙量分布于30 cm高度内。当地表植被盖度达到40%以上时，输沙率下降至无植被覆盖地表输沙率的6.6%以下，可有效阻止地表风蚀。（2）沙物质主要由粒径为50～250 μm的细沙和极细沙构成，各高度层风蚀物粒度组成服从单峰态分布，峰值在100～250 μm。随高度增加，风蚀物粒径范围趋于变窄，粒径趋于更细。（3）起沙风多出现在WSW和NW方向，占全年起沙风的53.19%。风沙流中跃移输沙、蠕移输沙的空间分布在理论上应与风向频率分布基本一致，差异性主要由各方位风的强度和持续时间等因素导致。研究结果可为该区域防沙工程设计提供理论参考。

关键词: 风沙流结构, 输沙率, 粒度, 乌兰布和沙漠

Abstract: Based on long time monitoring data at Dengkou Desert Ecology Station and observation data from various of sand traps in 2011, aeolian-sand flow structure at 0～100 cm is analyzed over five typical types of underlying surface which include moving dune, Artemisia ordosica semi-fixed dune, Nitraria tanqutorum semi-fixed dune, Artemisia ordosica fixed dune and Nitraria tanqutorum fixed dune in northeastern margin of the Ulanbuh Desert. The results show: (1) The sand transport rate(q) decreases with the increase of height (h) in power function q=a×h^-b(R²≥0.8409), and increases with the increase of wind velocity (v) in power function q=av^b, (R²≥0.9256); The sand transport flux in 0-10 cm accounts for 42.8%-70.7%, and the sand transport flux in 0-30 cm accounts for 67.6%-90.0%. When vegetation coverage is 40%, sand transport rate is 6.6% of moving dune with no vegetation cover, and surface wind erosion can be effectively prevented.(2) Sand materials mainly are composed of fine sand and very fine sand (50-250 μm). Wind erosion sand grain size composition at each height follows unimodal distribution, and the peak is between 100-250 μm. With the increase of height, wind erosion sand grain size range become more narrow, and grain size become more fine. (3) The driving-sand wind direction concentrates at WNW and NW accounting for 53.19%. The directional distribution of saltation aeolian-sand flow and creep aeolian-sand flow should be almost the same in theory, and differences are mainly caused by directions of wind intensity and duration.

Key words: aeolian-sand flow structure, sand transport rate, grain size, Ulanbuh Desert

中图分类号:

X169

刘芳, 郝玉光, 辛智鸣, 陈海玲, 徐军, 赵英铭. 乌兰布和沙漠东北缘地表风沙流结构特征[J]. 中国沙漠, 2014, 34(5): 1200-1207.

Liu Fang, Hao Yuguang, Xin Zhiming, Chen Hailing, Xu Jun, Zhao Yingming. The Surface Aeolian-sand Flow Structure in the Northeastern Margin of the Ulanbuh Desert[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2014, 34(5): 1200-1207.

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