荒漠草原带沙源及灌丛对灌丛沙堆形态的影响

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2014.00105

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

灌丛沙堆是干旱区一种典型的景观类型,经常出现在靠近流沙地带。在地处荒漠草原带的宁夏盐池北部的流沙边缘就发育有典型的白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)灌丛沙堆。本文对不同沙源距离和灌丛生长状况下的白刺灌丛沙堆形态特征进行了研究。结果表明:荒漠草原带白刺灌丛沙堆的高度0.2～4.8 m,90.05%的高度小于3.0 m;体积0.11～805.17 m³,6.08%的体积小于150 m³;面积0.86～333.3 m²,72.26%的小于50 m²。灌丛沙堆长轴长和短轴长、高度和面积、高度和体积、面积和体积间都存在很好的幂函数关系,随着灌丛沙堆高度的增加,其面积和体积也增加。沙源对白刺灌丛沙堆的分布特征有显著影响,灌丛沙堆的高度、面积和体积和沙源距离都有很好的抛物线形关系。白刺灌丛的生长状况对灌丛沙堆的形态特征也有明显的影响,即白刺灌丛生长状况越好,灌丛沙堆的高度、面积和体积也增大。

关键词: 白刺(Nitraria tangutorum), 灌丛沙堆, 形态特征, 沙源距离, 灌丛

Abstract:

Nebkha is a typical landscape in arid and semi-arid land, which commonly distributed in the quicksand regions. There are lots of Nitraria tangutorum nebkhas in the quicksand edge of north YanChi country under the desert steppes. This paper studied the effects of sand source and N. tangutorum growth condition on nebkhas morphology characteristics. The results are as follows: the height of N. tangutorum nebkhas in desert steppes were between 0.2-4.8 m, and about 90.05% of them were smaller than 3.0 m; the volume were between 0.11-805.17 m and only about 6.08% of them were bigger than 150 m³; the area were between 0.86-333.3 m², and about 72.26% of them were under 50 m². The relationships of long axis and short axis, height and area, height and volume, area and volume can well described with power functions. Area and volume of nebkhas were increased with the increase of nebkhas height. The distance of sand sources significantly affect the distribution characteristics of nebkhas. The growth conditions of N. tangutorum also affect the morphology characteristics of nebkhs, and the heights, areas, volumes of nebkhas were increased with the increase of coverage of N. tangutorum.

Key words: Nitraria tangutorum, nebkha morphology, sand source distance, shrub

中图分类号:

P931.3

谢国勋, 罗维成, 赵文智. 荒漠草原带沙源及灌丛对灌丛沙堆形态的影响[J]. 中国沙漠, 2015, 35(3): 573-581.

Xie Guoxun, Luo Weicheng, Zhao Wenzhi. Effect of Sand Source and Shrub Features on Nebkha Morphological Characteristics in Desert Steppe[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2015, 35(3): 573-581.

参考文献

[1] Tengberg A.Nebkha dunes as indicators of wind erosion and land degradation in the Sahel zone of Burkina Faso[J].Journal of Arid Environments, 1995, 30:265-282.
[2] 岳兴玲, 哈斯, 庄严美, 等.沙质草原灌丛沙堆研究综述[J].中国沙漠, 2005, 16(4):360-363.
[3] El-Bana M I, Nijs I, Kockelbergh F.Microenvironmental and vegetational heterogeneity induced by phytogenic nebkhas in an arid coastal ecosystem[J].Plant and Soil, 2002, 247:283-293.
[4] Cabrera-Vega L L, Cruz-Avero N, Hernández-Calvento L, et al.Morphological changes in dunes as an indicator of anthropogenic interferences in arid dune fields[J].Journal of Coastal Research, 2013, Special Issue No.65:1271-1276.
[5] Yan Q L, Liu Z M, Zhu J J, et al.Structure, pattern and mechanisms of formation of seed banks in sand dune systems in northeastern Inner Mongolia, China[J].Plant and Soil, 2005, 277:175-184.
[6] Wang X M, Wang T, Dong Z B, et al.Nebkhas development and its significance to wind erosion and land degradation in semi-arid northern China[J].Journal of Arid Environments, 2006, 65:129-141.
[7] Dougill A J, Thomas A D.Nebkha dunes in the Molopo Basin, South Africa and Botswana:formation controls and their validity as indicators of soil degradation[J].Journal of Arid Environments, 2002, 50:413-428.
[8] 王涛, 吴薇, 薛娴.中国北方沙漠化土地时空演变分析[J].中国沙漠, 2003, 23:230-235.
[9] Barrows C W, Allen M F, Rotenberry J T.Boundary processes between a desert sand dune community and an encroaching suburban landscape[M].California, USA:UC Riverside Previously Published Works, 2006:1-37.
[10] Nield J M, Baas A C W.Investigating parabolic and nebkha dune formation using a cellular automaton modelling approach[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 2008, 33:724-740.
[11] Rango A, Chopping M, Ritchie J, et al.Morphological characteristics of shrub coppice dunes in desert grasslands of southern New Mexico derived from scanning LIDAR[J].Remote Sensing of Environment, 2000, 74:26-44.
[12] Gat J R, Yakir D, Goodfriend P F, et al.Stable isotope composition of water in desert plants [J].Plant and Soil, 2007, 298:31-45.
[13] Lammerts E J, Maas C, Grootjans A P.Groundwater variables and vegetation in dune slacks[J].Ecological Engineering, 2001, 17:33-47.
[14] 彭鸿嘉, 傅伯杰, 陈利顶, 等.甘肃民勤荒漠区植被演替特征及驱动力研究[J].中国沙漠, 2004, 24:628-633.
[15] 郑丹, 李卫红.干旱区地下水与天然植被关系研究综述[J].资源科学, 2005, 27:160-167.
[16] Adema E B, Grootjans A P.Possible positive-feedback mechanisms:plants change abiotic soil parameters in wet calcareous dune slacks[J].Plant Ecology, 2003, 167:141-149.
[17] Isermann M.Soil pH and species diversity in coastal dunes[J].Plant Ecology, 2005, 178:111-120.
[18] 苏永中, 赵哈林, 张铜会.几种灌木、半灌木对沙地土壤肥力影响机制的研究[J].应用生态学报.2002, 13:802-806.
[19] Baas A C W, Nield J M.Modeling vegetated dune landscapes[J].Geophysical Research Letters, 2007, 34:L06405.
[20] El-Bana M, Nijs I, Khedr A H A.The importance of phytogenic mounds (Nebkhas) for restoration of arid degraded rangelands in northern Sinai[J].Restoration Ecology, 2003, 11:317-324.
[21] 贾晓红, 李新荣.腾格里沙漠东南缘不同生境白刺(Nitraria)灌丛沙堆的空间分布格局[J].环境科学, 2008, 29:2046-2053.
[22] 彭飞, 王涛, 刘立超, 等.民勤荒漠绿洲过渡带白刺灌丛沙堆演化阶段及其空间格局[J].中国沙漠, 2012, 32:593-599.
[23] 刘冰, 赵文智.荒漠绿化走过渡带泡泡刺灌丛沙堆形态特征及其空间异质性[J].应用生态学报, 2007, 18:2814-2820.
[24] 刘冰, 赵文智, 杨荣.荒漠绿洲过渡带柽柳灌丛沙堆特征及其空间异质性[J].生态学报, 2008, 28:1446-1455.
[25] 赵长明, 魏小平.民勤绿洲荒漠过渡带植物白刺和梭梭光合特性[J].生态学报, 2005, 25:1908-1923.
[26] 张萍, 哈斯, 岳兴玲, 等.白刺灌丛沙堆形态与沉积特征[J].干旱区地理, 2008, 31:926-932.
[27] 杜建会, 严平, 俄有浩.甘肃民勤不同演化阶段白刺灌丛沙堆分布格局及特征[J].生态学杂志, 2007, 26:1165-1170.
[28] 武胜利, 李志忠, 惠军, 等.和田河流域灌(草)丛沙堆的形态特征与发育过程[J].地理研究, 2008, 27:314-322.
[29] Mountney N P, Russell A J.Coastal aeolian dune development, Sólheimasandur, southern Iceland[J].Sedimentary Geology, 2006, 192:167-181.
[30] Langford R P.Nebkha (coppice dune) fields of south-central New Mexico, USA[J].Journal of Arid Environment, 2000, 46:25-41.
[31] Khalaf F I, Misak R, Al-Dousari A.Sedimentological and morphological characteristics of some nabkha deposits in the northern coastal plain of Kuwait, Arabia[J].Journal of Arid Environments, 1995, 29:267-292.
[32] Tengberg A, Faso B.A comparative analysis of nebkhas in central Tunisia and northern Burkina Faso[J].Geomorphology, 1998, 22:181-192.
[33] 杨自辉.民勤沙井子地区40 a来荒漠植被变迁初探[J].中国沙漠, 1999, 19:395-398.
[34] El-Bana M I, Li Z Q, Nijs I.Role of host identity in effects of phytogenic mounds on plant assemblages and species richness on coastal arid dunes[J].Journal of Vegetation Science, 2007, 18:635-644.
[35] 杜建会, 严平, 董玉祥.干旱地区灌丛沙堆研究现状与展望[J].地理学报, 2010, 65(3):339-350.
[36] Qong M, Takamura H, Hudaberdi M.Formation and internal structure of Tamarix cones in the Taklimakan Desert[J].Journal of Arid Environments, 2002, 50:81-97.
[37] Wang X M, Xiao H L, Li J C, et al.Nebkha development and its relationship to environmental change in the Alaxa Plateau, China[J].Environment Geology, 2008, 56:359-365.
[38] Khalaf F I, Al-Awadhi J M.Sediment logical and morphological characteristics of gypsums coastal nabkhas on Bubiyan Island, Kuwait, Arabian Gulf[J].Journal of Arid Environments, 2012, 82:31-43.
[39] Al-Dousari A, Ahmed M, Al-Senafy M.Characteristics of nabkhas in relation to dominant perennial plant species in Kuwait[J].Kuwait Journal of Science, 2008, 35:127-150.
[40] 武胜利, 李志忠, 惠军, 等.和田河流域灌(草)丛沙堆的形态特征与发育过程[J].地理研究, 2008, 27:314-322.
[41] Bochet E, Poesen J, Rubio J L.Mound development as an in interaction of individual plants with soil, water erosion and sedimentation processes on slopes[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 2000, 25:847-867.
[42] De Soyza A G, Whitford W G, Martinez M E, et al.Variation in creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) canopy morphology in relation to habitat, soil fertility and associated annual plant communities[J].American Midland Naturalist, 1997, 137:13-26.
[43] Shaltout K H, Mady M A.Analysis of raudhas vegetation in central Saudi Arabia[J].Journal of Arid Environment, 1996, 34:441-454.
[44] 杨帆, 王雪芹, 何清, 等.绿洲-沙漠过渡带柽柳灌丛沙堆形态特征及空间分布格局[J].干旱区研究, 2014, 31:556-563.
[45] Hesp P, McLachlan A.Morphology, dynamics, ecology and fauna of Arctotheca populifolia and Gazania rigens nabkha dunes[J].Journal of Arid Environments, 2000, 44:155-172.
[46] Hesp P.Foredunes and blowouts:Initiation, geomorphology and dynamics[J].Geomorphology, 2002, 48:245-2681.
[47] Gile L H.Holocene soils and soil-geomorphic relations in an arid region of southern New Mexico[J].Quaternary Research, 1975, 5:321-360.
[48] 韩磊, 张媛媛, 解李娜, 等.狭叶锦鸡儿和小叶锦鸡儿灌丛沙堆的形态和发育及灌丛固沙能力的比较研究[J].天津师范大学学报自(然科学版), 2012, 32:65-70.
[49] 韩磊, 张媛媛, 马成仓.狭叶锦鸡儿(Caragana stenophylla)灌丛沙堆形态发育特征及固沙能力[J].中国沙漠, 2013, 33(5):1305-1309.