塔里木盆地盐生和干旱生境柽柳(Tamarix)凋落物分解特征

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2019.00109

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以塔里木盆地柽柳（Tamarix）凋落物为研究对象，应用凋落袋法，揭示其在盐生（H₁）和干旱（H₂）生境中分解差异性及主要制约因子。结果表明：（1）经720 d分解，H₁、H₂生境中柽柳凋落物残留率分别为83.50%、53.73%，两种生境下凋落物残留率差异极显著（P < 0.01）。（2）在H₁、H₂生境中，柽柳凋落物分解系数分别为0.082、0.320，分解50%所需时间分别为9.40、2.17 a，分解95%所需时间分别为40.62、9.36 a。（3） C元素在H₁中富集-释放交替进行，在H₂中为单一的富集-释放；N元素在H₁中表现出累积-释放交替模式，在H₂中表现出相反的变化趋势；P元素在0~360 d分解时间段均呈逐渐释放过程，而在第360~720 d，H₁呈逐渐累积过程，H₂呈累积-释放模式。木质素呈现逐渐释放模式，纤维素释放模式富集-释放交替进行。经720 d分解，C、N、P、木质素、纤维素残留率在两种生境中均存在极显著差异（P < 0.01）。（4）微生境变化对凋落物分解制约因素并不相同，盐生生境下土壤Na⁺含量是制约凋落物分解的主要因子，而干旱生境下残留量、土壤Mg²⁺、凋落物全磷含量起主导作用。

关键词: 凋落物, 柽柳(Tamarix), 分解, 干旱生境, 盐生生境

Abstract: Taking the litter of Tamarix in Tarim Basin as the research objects, litter-bag methods were applied to reveal the decomposition differences and main driving factors in halophytic habitats (H₁) and arid habitats (H₂). The results showed that:(1) Decomposed in H₁ and H₂ by 720 d, the litter residual rates of Tamarix were 83.50% and 53.73% respectively. The difference of residue decomposition was extremely significant (P < 0.01) during the decomposing periods of day 0-720. (2) The decomposition coefficient were 0.082 and 0.320, the t_0.5 values were 9.398 yrs and 2.166 yrs, and t_0.95 values were 40.618 yrs and 9.362 yrs in H₁, H₂. (3) C elements were enriching-releasing alternately in H₁, and a single enriching-releasing model in H₂. N elements showed accumulating-releasing alternation pattern in H₁, but opposite change trend in H₂. P elements were gradually released during day 0-360 decomposition, while in day 360-720 the rule of P elements changed, H₁ was gradually accumulating, and H₂ was cumulating-releasing. Lignin showed gradually releasing pattern, and cellulose releasing pattern was enriched and released alternately. During the decomposing periods of the 720 d, C, N, P, lignin and cellulose residual rates were significant differences in different habitats (P < 0.01). (4) Comprehensive analysis showed that the changes of microhabitat had different restriction factors on the decomposition of litter. Na⁺ content of the soil in saline habitat was the critical factor for restricting the decomposition of litter, while residual amount, Mg²⁺ content of the soil and total phosphorus content of litter in arid habitats had a combining role to litter decomposition.

Key words: litter, Tamarix, decomposition, arid habitat, saline habitat

中图分类号:

Q948.11

杨晶晶, 吕瑞恒, 梁继业, 冯建菊, 马国财, 康佳鹏. 塔里木盆地盐生和干旱生境柽柳(Tamarix)凋落物分解特征[J]. 中国沙漠, 2020, 40(1): 215-222.

Yang Jingjing, Lv Ruiheng, Liang Jiye, Feng Jianju, Ma Guocai, Kang Jiapeng. Decomposition characteristics of Tamarix litter in different habitats of Tarim Basin[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2020, 40(1): 215-222.

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