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中国沙漠 ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 137-146.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2021.00032

• • 上一篇    

地表能量平衡方程在新疆地表温度模拟中的应用

任余龙1,2(), 李毅2, 李红1, 吴晶3, 柳媛普1   

  1. 1.中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所 甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室/中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室,甘肃 兰州 730020
    2.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 中国科学院沙漠与沙漠化重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730000
    3.兰州中心气象台,甘肃 兰州 730020
  • 收稿日期:2020-11-17 修回日期:2021-03-19 出版日期:2021-05-26 发布日期:2021-05-26
  • 作者简介:任余龙(1976—),男,甘肃秦安人,博士,副研究员,主要从事陆面模式研究。E-mail: renyl@iamcma.cn
  • 基金资助:
    中亚大气科学研究基金项目(CAAS201907);中国科学院沙漠与沙漠化重点实验室开放课题(KLDD-2020-01);国家自然科学基金项目(41805079);甘肃省气象局创新团队项目(GSQXCXTD-2020-01)

Application of surface energy balance equation in simulation of surface temperature in Xinjiang, China

Yulong Ren1,2(), Yi Li2, Hong Li1, Jing Wu3, Yuanpu Liu1   

  1. 1.Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province / Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Disaster Reduction of CMA,Institute of Arid Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Lanzhou 730020,China
    2.CAS Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    3.Lanzhou Center Meteorological Station,Lanzhou 730020,China
  • Received:2020-11-17 Revised:2021-03-19 Online:2021-05-26 Published:2021-05-26

摘要:

地表温度是影响地表能量收支平衡和气候变化的重要因子,也是评价陆面模式性能的主要指标。新疆下垫面包括沙漠、绿洲、冰川、积雪等多种类型,其地表温度变化对生态环境和天气气候变化有重要影响。为了找到影响第三代陆面模式NCAR CLM4.5模拟新疆地表温度效果的主要因子,促进该模式发展,在对ERA-5再分析资料评估基础上,以其作为实况资料,首先对CLM4.5长时段模拟新疆地表温度的效果开展评估,然后利用地表能量平衡方程得到的地表温度变化影响因子分离方法,揭示出引起新疆地表温度模拟偏差的主要因子。结果表明:ERA-5地表温度的空间分布特征、量级和时间变化与观测结果一致,可用来研究该区域地表温度变化。CLM4.5对新疆地表温度模拟冷偏差值较大,但相关性显著,且误差与气候背景和下垫面条件有关。CLM4.5模拟的潜热值偏大是地表温度模拟值偏低的主要原因,CLM4.5模拟的潜热值在新疆大部分区域比ERA-5的多90%以上。CLM4.5对新疆0—10 cm土壤湿度模拟值偏大,蒸散过强,导致潜热通量偏大,因此改进土壤湿度计算方案是提高该陆面模式对新疆地表温度模拟水平的有效途径。

关键词: 干旱荒漠区, CLM4.5, 地表温度, 模拟偏差

Abstract:

Land surface temperature (LST) is an important factor affecting the balance of surface energy budget and climate change, and is also the main index to evaluate the performance of land surface model. Xinjiang is the largest arid desert area in China, and its surface temperature changes have an important impact on the local and downstream ecological environment and climate changes. In order to find out the main factors affecting the effect of the third generation land surface model NCAR CLM4.5 to simulate the land surface temperature in Xinjiang, and promote the development of the model, this paper evaluates the effect of CLM 4.5 in simulating the surface temperature of Xinjiang for a long time based on the evaluation of ERA-5 reanalysis data. Then, using the surface energy change equation, the main factors causing the deviation of surface temperature simulation in Xinjiang are revealed. The results show that the spatial distribution characteristics, magnitude and temporal variation of ERA-5 surface temperature are very consistent with the field observation, which can be used to study the regional surface temperature change. The cold deviation value of CLM4.5 for Xinjiang surface temperature simulation is large, and the correlation is significant, and the error size is related to the climate background and underlying surface conditions. The lower sensible calorific value and higher latent heat value simulated by CLM4.5 are the main reasons for the low simulated surface temperature. The latent heat value simulated by CLM4.5 is 90% more than that of ERA-5 in most areas of Xinjiang. 0-10 cm soil moisture simulated by CLM4.5 in Xinjiang is relatively large, and the evapotranspiration is relatively strong, which leads to the relatively large latent heat flux. Therefore, improving the soil moisture calculation scheme is an effective way to improve the simulation level of the land surface model to the surface temperature in Xinjiang.

Key words: arid desert area, CLM4.5, land surface temperature, simulation deviation

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