末次盛冰期以来库布齐沙漠环境变化

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2021.00054

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中国北方季风边缘区沙漠/沙地如何响应气候变化及其反馈研究对于理解干旱半干旱地区现代地表过程及其未来环境演变趋势有重要的科学意义。库布齐沙漠作为中国北方季风边缘区中东部唯一的以流动、半流动为主的沙漠，现代地表景观与周围沙地（如毛乌素沙地、浑善达克沙地、科尔沁沙地等）明显不同。晚第四纪以来库布齐沙漠与季风边缘区中东部沙地环境演化过程到底是否一致，其湿润期究竟发生于何时，尚存颇多争议。区域风成沉积和湖泊沉积记录研究得出的结论明显不同，存在中晚全新世和早中全新世湿度最优期的分歧。对库布齐沙漠风成沉积年代-岩性的概率密度分布（Probability Density Function，PDF）进行处理，与周边沙地风成沉积和湖泊沉积古环境记录进行了对比分析。结果表明：末次盛冰期以来库布齐沙漠与季风边缘区中东部沙地环境演化过程总体一致，27.6—10 ka和晚全新世（2—0 ka），风沙堆积强烈，气候相对干旱；早全新世（10—6 ka）古土壤渐次发育，沙丘逐渐被固定，湿度增加，环境状况有所改善；中全新世（6—2 ka）古土壤广泛发育，沙丘经历固定成壤，气候最为湿润。区域环境演变过程受控于低纬太阳辐射和高纬冰量变化的双重制约。

关键词: 末次盛冰期, 库布齐沙漠, 气候变化, 沙漠演化, 成因机制

Abstract:

How the deserts/sandy lands in the monsoonal margin region in northern China responds to climate change and its feedback are of important scientific significance for understanding the modern surface processes in arid and semi-arid regions and their future environmental evolution trends. The Hobq Desert is the only mobile and semi-mobile desert in the middle and east of the monsoonal margin region in northern China. The modern surface landscape is significantly different from the surrounding sandy lands （such as the Mu Us Sandy Land， the Hunshandake Sandy Land， and the Horqin Sandy Land）. There are still many disputes about whether the Hobq Desert has the same evolution process as the sandy lands in the middle and east of the monsoonal margin region and when its wet period occurs since the Late Quaternary. The conclusions of regional aeolian deposition and lacustrine deposition records are obviously different， and there is a difference between the optimal period of humidity in the middle and late Holocene and the early and middle Holocene. Through the process of the probability density distribution （Probability Density Function， PDF） of the aeolian sedimentary age-lithology of the Hobq Desert and its comparison with paleoenvironment records of aeolian deposition and lacustrine deposition from the surrounding sandy lands， it is found that： the environment evolution process of the Hobq Desert is generally consistent with that of sandy lands in the middle and east of the monsoonal margin region since the Last Glacial Maximum. During 27.6-10 ka and the Late Holocene （2-0 ka）， sand activity was strong and the climate was relatively arid； in the early Holocene （10-6 ka）， paleosols began to develop， sand dunes were gradually fixed， humidity increased， and environmental conditions were improved； in the Middle Holocene （6-2 ka）， paleosols developed extensively， sand dunes were fixed， and climate was obviously humid. The process of regional environmental evolution is controlled by both solar insolation in low-latitude and variations of ice volume in high-latitude.

Key words: Last Glacial Maximum, Hobq Desert, climate change, desert evolution, driving mechanisms

中图分类号:

P531

张小梅, 靳鹤龄, 刘冰. 末次盛冰期以来库布齐沙漠环境变化[J]. 中国沙漠, 2021, 41(5): 81-93.

Xiaomei Zhang, Heling Jin, Bing Liu. Environment changes in the Hobq Desert since the Last Glacial Maximum[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2021, 41(5): 81-93.

图/表 7

图1 中国北方沙漠/沙地分布及现代亚洲夏季风北界（A）、鄂尔多斯高原（B）与库布齐沙漠剖面点及周边湖泊分布（C）剖面KB位置据Sun等［2］；剖面Cagelebulu位置据Zhou等［17］；剖面KA、KB-1、KC、KD位置据杨小平等［24］；剖面KBQ1、KBQ2、KBQ12、KBQ13位置据Xu等［33］；剖面KBQ01、KBQ02、KBQ03、KBQ06、KBQ08、K2、K3、K4位置据Fan等［34］；恩格贝剖面位置据杨利荣等［44］

Fig.1 Distribution of deserts/sandy lands in northern China and the northern boundary of modern Asian summer monsoon （A）， profile points in the Ordos Plateau （B） and Hobq Desert and surrounding lakes （C）

图2 末次盛冰期以来库布齐沙漠地层沉积序列和年代剖面KB地层岩性及年代据Sun等［2］；剖面Cagelebulu地层岩性及年代据Zhou等［17］；剖面KA、KB-1和KC地层岩性及年代据杨小平等［24］；剖面KBQ1、KBQ2、KBQ11、KBQ12、KBQ13和KBQ14地层岩性及年代据Xu等［33］；剖面KBQ01、KBQ02、KBQ03、KBQ06、KBQ08、K2、K3、K4地层岩性及年代据Fan等［34］；恩格贝剖面地层岩性及年代据杨利荣等［44］

Fig.2 Stratigraphic sedimentary sequence and chronological results in the Hobq Desert since the Last Glacial Maximum

图3 末次盛冰期以来库布齐沙漠风成砂与古土壤OSL年代、概率密度曲线及环境指标变化环境指标TOC及CaCO3数据引自Yang等［35］

Fig.3 OSL chronology and probability density curve of aeolian sand and paleosol in the Hobq Desert and changes of palaeoenvironmental proxies since the Last Glacial Maximum

图4 末次盛冰期以来库布齐沙漠演化时空分布

Fig.4 Spatiotemporal distribution of the Hobq Desert evolution since the Last Glacial Maximum

图5 盐海子、泊江海子与周边气候记录对比A：盐海子［36］；B：泊江海子［37］；C：岱海［49］；D：公海［40］；E：柒盖淖［53］；F：沙漠黄土过渡带JB剖面［55］；G：榆林剖面［56］；H：库布齐沙漠风成砂概率密度曲线；I：库布齐沙漠古土壤概率密度曲线

Fig.5 Comparison of climate records between Yanhaizi， Bojianghaizi and surrounding areas

图6 末次盛冰期以来库布齐沙漠与季风边缘区中东部沙地环境演化过程的对比

Fig.6 Comparison of the environmental evolution process of the Hobq Desert and the sandy lands in the middle and east of the monsoonal margin region since the Last Glacial Maximum

图7 末次盛冰期以来库布齐沙漠环境演变的驱动机制A：60°N太阳辐射［39］；B：董哥洞和葫芦洞石笋［63，65］；C：公海［40］；D：TB剖面磁化率［67］；E：YL剖面TOC含量［56］；F：腾格里沙漠≥40μm含量［29］；G：大地湾平均粒径［68］；H：库布齐沙漠风成砂概率密度曲线；I：库布齐沙漠古土壤概率密度曲线；J：GISP2 K+浓度［74］；K：北半球冰量［69，75］

Fig.7 Driving mechanisms of environmental evolution in the Hobq Desert since the Last Glacial Maximum

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