img

官方微信

高级检索

中国沙漠 ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (4): 225-234.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2021.00082

• • 上一篇    

气候变暖背景下黄河流域干旱灾害风险空间特征

韩兰英1,2(), 张强2,3, 马鹏里1, 王有恒1, 黄涛1(), 贾建英1, 王鑫1, 王小巍1, 刘卫平1, 李丹华1, 卢国阳1, 黄鹏程1, 白冰1   

  1. 1.兰州区域气候中心,甘肃 兰州 730020
    2.中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所 甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室/中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室,甘肃 兰州 730020
    3.甘肃省气象局,甘肃 兰州 730020
  • 收稿日期:2021-05-26 修回日期:2021-07-14 出版日期:2021-07-27 发布日期:2021-07-27
  • 通讯作者: 黄涛
  • 作者简介:黄涛(E-mail: hunteria@163.com
    韩兰英(1978—),女,甘肃民乐人,正高级工程师,主要从事干旱监测、气候变化与风险评估研究。E-mail: sthan07@hotmail.com.
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41605090);中国气象局创新发展专项(创新人才发展专项);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2013CB430206);甘肃省自然基金青年科技基金计划项目(1208RJYA027);干旱气象科学研究基金项目(IAM201509)

Characteristics of drought disasters risk in the Yellow River Basin under the climate warming

Lanying Han1,2(), Qiang Zhang2,3, Pengli Ma1, Youheng Wang1, Tao Huang1(), Jianying Jia1, Xin Wang1, Xiaowei Wang1, Weiping Liu1, Danhua Li1, Guoyang Lu1, Pengcheng Huang1, Bing Bai1   

  1. 1.Lanzhou Regional Climate Center,Lanzhou 730020,China
    2.Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province / Key Open Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster of CMA,Institute of Arid Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Lanzhou 730020,China
    3.Meteorology Bureau of Gansu,Lanzhou 730020,China
  • Received:2021-05-26 Revised:2021-07-14 Online:2021-07-27 Published:2021-07-27
  • Contact: Tao Huang

摘要:

黄河流域是中国重要的经济带和经济增长极,也是人口密集暴露、特色农业种植和重点生态承载区。在全球变暖和极端降水事件频发的气候背景下,近年来黄河流域干旱灾害变化特征异常突出,新形势下该流域的干旱灾害风险及其对气候变化的响应机制需进一步深入认识。本文利用1960年以来黄河流域122个国家气象站逐日气象数据,结合遥感、社会统计和地理信息数据与技术,基于灾害风险理论,建立致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境脆弱性、承灾体易损性和防灾减灾能力可靠性4个因子的干旱灾害风险指标体系和模型,详细分析了黄河流域干旱灾害风险变化特征和区域差异性及其气候变化的影响机制。结果表明:黄河流域干旱灾害风险分布格局具有明显的地带性和复杂性,流域区域差异显著,总体是中下游风险高于上游,高风险区主要位于黄河流域中下游,致灾因子危险性是黄河流域干旱灾害风险的主导因子,其次是孕灾环境脆弱性和防灾减灾能力可靠性,而承灾体易损性贡献量相对最小。干旱灾害风险影响机制的区域差异也很显著,上游是孕灾环境脆弱性和防灾减灾能力可靠性的影响大于致灾因子和易损性,中游则是致灾因子、易损性和防灾减灾能力对干旱灾害风险的贡献度大,下游是干旱致灾因子起主导作用,致灾因子危险性和承灾体易损性控制了风险总体格局。黄河流域干旱灾害风险变化规律以及对气候变化的响应异常复杂,流域干旱灾害风险主要受季风气候和复杂地形的影响,还受社会经济发展水平、人口暴露度和水资源供需矛盾等多种要素的影响。该研究对黄河流域生态文明建设,粮食安全保障和国家发展战略具有重要意义。

关键词: 黄河流域, 干旱灾害, 风险评估, 气候变化, MCI

Abstract:

The Yellow River Basin is an important economic belt and economic growth pole in China. It is also a populated densely area, an agricultural planting area and a key ecological bearing area. Under the climate background of global warming and frequent extreme precipitation events, the characteristics of drought change have been extremely prominent in the Yellow River Basin in recent years. Under the situation, the drought disaster risk and its response mechanism to climate change need to be further understood in the Yellow River Basin. Therefore, this article used the in 122 meteorological stations daily data since 1960 in the Yellow River basin, combined with remote sensing, social statistics and geographic information data and technology, based on the theory of disaster risk, established risk hazard factors, subsequently environmental vulnerability and vulnerability of hazard-affected bodies and disaster prevention and mitigation capacity reliability of four factors of drought disaster risk index system and model, The characteristics and regional differences of drought disaster risk were analyzed in detail in the Yellow River Basin . The results show that the distribution pattern of drought disaster risk has obvious zonality and complexity in the Yellow River Basin, and there are significant differences among different basins. The high risk areas are mainly located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin, and the risk in the middle and lower reaches is higher than that in the upper reaches. In the lower reaches of the river, the drought risk is mainly dominated by the drought hazard factors, while the hazard and vulnerability of the disaster-bearing body control the overall risk pattern. In the middle reaches, the drought risk is mainly contributed by the drought hazard factors, vulnerability and disaster-prevention capacity. On the upstream, the vulnerability of disaster-pregnant environment and reliability of disaster-prevention ability are more important than the disaster hazard factors and vulnerability. The variation law of drought disaster risk and its response to climate are extremely complex in the Yellow River Basin. The drought disaster risk is mainly affected by monsoon climate and complex terrain, as well as various factors such as social and economic development level, population exposure and contradiction between supply and demand of water resources. This study is of great significance to the ecological civilization construction, food security guarantee and national development strategy of the Yellow River basin.

Key words: Yelllow River Basin, drought disaster, risk assessment, climate change, MCI

中图分类号: