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中国沙漠 ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1): 96-101.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2023.00060

• • 上一篇    下一篇

阿拉善高原东部4种飞播灌木种子萌发的适宜条件

朱雅娟1(), 赵晨光2, 李慧瑛2, 王阿晴1   

  1. 1.中国林业科学研究院生态保护与修复研究所,北京 100091
    2.阿拉善盟林业与草原研究所,内蒙古 阿拉善左旗 750306
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-14 修回日期:2023-04-27 出版日期:2024-01-20 发布日期:2023-12-26
  • 作者简介:朱雅娟(1980—),女,陕西眉县人,博士,副研究员,主要研究荒漠植被生态学。E-mail: zhuyj@caf.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2021GG0306);中国林业科学研究院基本科研业务费专项资金项目(CAFYBB2021MA012)

The favorable conditions for germination of four shrubs with air seeding on east Alxa Plateau

Yajuan Zhu1(), Chenguang Zhao2, Huiying Li2, Aqing Wang1   

  1. 1.Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China
    2.Alxa Institute of Forestry and Grassland,Alxa Left Banner 750306,Inner Mongolia,China
  • Received:2023-02-14 Revised:2023-04-27 Online:2024-01-20 Published:2023-12-26

摘要:

阿拉善高原地处内蒙古西部,沙漠和戈壁广泛分布,是中国北方主要沙尘源地。飞播是当地治理土地荒漠化的重要途径。通常,飞播之后植物的萌发主要受气象和生境等自然因素影响。沙冬青(Ammopiptanthus mongolicus)、花棒(Corethrodendron fruticosum)、柠条锦鸡儿(Caragana korshinskii)和蒙古扁桃(Prunus mongolica)是阿拉善高原荒漠的4种优势灌木。通过温室盆栽实验,研究降雨量、播种深度和土壤类型对4种灌木种子萌发的影响,优化飞播技术,为精准治沙提供理论依据。模拟的3个降雨量分别是首次浇水10、15、20 mm,之后每2天浇水5 mm,共10次。4个播种深度分别是0.5、1、2、3 cm。4种土壤类型分别是微细沙、细沙、中沙和粗沙。结果表明:沙冬青种子萌发的适宜条件是首次浇水15~20 mm,其他3种灌木则为首次浇水10~20 mm。沙冬青种子的适宜播种深度是0.5~1 cm,其他3种灌木则是0.5~2 cm;3 cm只有少量花棒萌发。沙冬青在微细沙、细沙和中沙里的萌发率较高,而在粗沙中的萌发率较低;其他3种灌木在4种土壤中的萌发率都较高。因此,在阿拉善高原东部,沙冬青适宜15 mm以上降雨后在流动、半流动和半固定沙丘飞播,不适宜戈壁飞播;其他3种灌木则适宜10 mm以上降雨后在流动、半流动、半固定沙丘和戈壁飞播。

关键词: 飞播, 降雨量, 播种深度, 土壤类型

Abstract:

Alxa Plateau is located in Western Inner Mongolia with widely distributed desert and gobi, which is one of the main sand and dust sources of North China. Air seeding is one of the main measures to control land desertification in this area. Generally, germination of plants was influenced by many natural factors after air seeding, e.g. climate and habitat. Ammopiptanthus mongolicusCorethrodendron scoparium, Caragana korshinskii and Prunus mongolica are four dominant shrubs in desert region of Alxa Plateau. In this study, the effects of precipitation, seeding depth and soil type on germination of four shrubs were investigated by pot experiment in the greenhouse. Our aims were to improve air seeding technology and to give theoretical support for precisely sand control. Three precipitation were 10, 15 and 20 mm first irrigation, then irrigated 5 mm once every two days for 10 times. Four seeding depths were 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 cm, respectively. Four soil types were micro-fine sand, fine sand, medium sand and coarse sand. The results showed that the favorable condition of germination was 15-20 mm first irrigation for A. mongolicus, whereas were 10, 15 and 20 mm first irrigation for other three shrubs. Germination were higher in 0.5 and 1cm seeding depth for A. mongolicus, but were higher in 0.5, 1 and 2 cm for other three shrubs. There were only few germination of C.scoparium in 3 cm seeding depth. Germination of A. mogolicus was higher in micro-fine sand, fine sand and medium sand, but was lower in course sand. However, germination of other three shrubs was higher in all four soil types. Thus, it is suggested that in air seeding on east Alxa Plateau, A. mongolicus seed should be used after 15 mm rain on moving, semi-moving and semi-fixed sand dune, but not on gobi. However, C. korshinskiiC. scoparium and P. mongolica seed should be applied in air seeding after rain exceeds 10 mm on moving, semi-moving, semi-fixed sand dune and gobi.

Key words: air seeding, precipitation, seeding depth, soil type

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