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中国沙漠 ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (6): 187-196.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2023.00142

• • 上一篇    

干旱区退化湖盆表土及降尘的微观形貌特征和化学元素组成差异

邵梅1,2(), 罗万银1(), 顿耀权1,2, 逯军峰1, 王芳1, 李得禄3, 满多清3, 雷丰丰4, 张彩霞1   

  1. 1.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 沙漠与沙漠化重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730000
    2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
    3.甘肃省治沙研究所 甘肃民勤荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,甘肃 兰州 730070
    4.甘肃省人民医院 呼吸科,甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2023-04-17 修回日期:2023-10-13 出版日期:2023-11-20 发布日期:2023-11-30
  • 通讯作者: 罗万银
  • 作者简介:罗万银(E-mail: wyluo@lzb.ac.cn
    邵梅(1995—),女,山东济南人,博士研究生,主要研究方向为风沙地貌。E-mail: shaomei18@mails.ucas.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省重点研发-国际科技合作项目(20YF8WA005);国家自然科学基金项目(41301003)

Differences in micromorphology and chemical element composition of topsoil and dust from degraded lake basins in arid region

Mei Shao1,2(), Wanyin Luo1(), Yaoquan Dun1,2, Junfeng Lu1, Fang Wang1, Delu Li3, Duoqing Man3, Fengfeng Lei4, Caixia Zhang1   

  1. 1.Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
    3.Minqin National Station for Desert Steppe Ecosystem Studies,Gansu Desert Control Research Institute,Lanzhou 730070,China
    4.Department of Respiratory Medicine,Gansu Provincial People's Hospital,Lanzhou 730000,China
  • Received:2023-04-17 Revised:2023-10-13 Online:2023-11-20 Published:2023-11-30
  • Contact: Wanyin Luo

摘要:

退化湖盆的含盐表土在风力吹蚀下可产生大量的粉尘气溶胶,不仅直接影响气候,还间接影响陆面过程、地表温度和水文循环等,进而危害生态环境与人类健康。在柴达木盆地的涩北、都兰及河西走廊东部的青土湖北、青土湖东、青土湖南、南湖和红沙岗共7个退化湖盆站点收集降尘和表土样品,测定其水溶性盐离子含量,并使用矿物解离分析仪(Mineral Liberation Analyser,MLA)探测其微观形貌和化学元素组成,对比分析了退化湖盆表土和降尘在物理及化学特征方面的差异。结果显示:(1)降尘中的含盐量远低于表土中的含盐量。退化湖盆的降尘含盐量小于51.7 g·kg-1,而表土含盐量高达166.61 g·kg-1。(2)不同地表类型的表土及降尘的含盐量分布规律存在差异。表土中含盐量从大到小为盐壳、丘间地-盐壳、干盐碱滩、半固定沙丘、盐化草地,而不同地表类型的降尘中含盐量并未表现出明显规律。(3)O、Si、Na、Al为降尘的主要元素,表土和降尘中化学组成均以Cl-、Na+和SO42-为主,颗粒形状均不规则,磨圆度普遍较差。涩北和都兰的物源主要为就地起尘,而青土湖及其周围干旱退化湖盆的物源还包括远源传输。

关键词: 干旱区退化湖盆, 降尘, 微观形貌, 化学元素

Abstract:

A large amount of dust aerosols will be produced in degraded lake basins surface soil under wind erosion, which not only directly affects climate, but also indirectly affects land surface processes, surface temperature and hydrological cycle, thus endangering ecological environment and human health. Based on the dust fall and topsoil samples collected from seven stations from degraded lake basins (Sebei, Duran in Qaidam Basin, North of Qingtu Lake, East of Qingtu Lake, South of Qingtu Lake, Nan Lake and Hongshagang in the eastern part of the Hexi Corridor), the contents of water-soluble salt ions were determined. The Mineral Liberation Analyser (MLA) was used to detect the micromorphology and chemical element composition, and the differences in physical and chemical composition between topsoil and dust fall in the degraded lake basins were compared and analyzed. The results show that: (1) The salt content in dust fall is much lower than that in topsoil. The salt content of dust fall in the degraded lake basins is less than 51.7 g·kg-1, while the salt content of topsoil is as high as 166.61 g·kg-1. (2) There are differences in the distribution of salt content of topsoil and dust in different surface types. From large to small, the salt content in topsoil is: salt crust, interdune-salt crust, dry saline-alkali flat, semi-fixed dune, salinized grassland, but the total content of water-soluble salt in dust fall of different surface types does not show obvious rules; (3) O, Si, Na and Al are the main elements of the dust fall, and the chemical composition is mainly Cl-, Na+ and SO42- both in the topsoil and dust. The shape of the dust particles is irregular and the roundness is generally poor. The potential provenance of Sebei and Dulan is mainly in situ dust, while the provenance of Qingtu Lake and its surrounding arid degraded lake basins may also include remote transport.

Key words: arid degraded lake basins, dust fall, micromorphology, chemical element

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