中国沙漠 ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 127-136.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2021.00034
• • 上一篇
郜学敏1(), 屈欣2, 王萌2, 张思悦2, 张姚姚2, 李继彦2(
)
收稿日期:
2021-02-08
修回日期:
2021-03-22
出版日期:
2021-05-26
发布日期:
2021-05-26
通讯作者:
李继彦
作者简介:
李继彦(E-mail: jyli@tynu.edu.cn)基金资助:
Xuemin Gao1(), Xin Qu2, Meng Wang2, Siyue Zhang2, Yaoyao Zhang2, Jiyan Li2(
)
Received:
2021-02-08
Revised:
2021-03-22
Online:
2021-05-26
Published:
2021-05-26
Contact:
Jiyan Li
摘要:
雅丹沉积物蕴含丰富的区域环境变化和物源演变信息。以柴达木盆地西北部的长垄状雅丹为研究对象,通过对地球化学元素的研究,探讨沉积物的化学风化特征及其对物质输移的指示意义。结果表明:(1)雅丹沉积物的常量元素以SiO2、CaO、Al2O3、MgO和Na2O为主,微量元素Cl、Sr、Ba和Zr含量较高。相较于上陆壳平均化学元素组成,雅丹沉积物常量元素CaO和MgO富集程度较高,微量元素中Cl和As富集程度较高。(2)雅丹沉积物的CIA值平均为39.03,且在A-CN-K三角图上准平行于A-CN连线,主体在斜长石与钾长石连线的下方,因此雅丹沉积物的化学风化程度较低,处于初期的脱Na、Ca阶段。(3)特征元素比值表明雅丹体内赋存的大量细颗粒物质为廊道流沙的源区。细颗粒物质经过外营力的风化、剥蚀等过程而出露,在雅丹廊道内堆积并向下风向输移,遇阻堆积而形成沙丘。雅丹是否为下风向黄土的物源区,尚需进一步验证。
中图分类号:
郜学敏, 屈欣, 王萌, 张思悦, 张姚姚, 李继彦. 柴达木盆地西北部长垄状雅丹沉积物地球化学元素组成及指示意义[J]. 中国沙漠, 2021, 41(3): 127-136.
Xuemin Gao, Xin Qu, Meng Wang, Siyue Zhang, Yaoyao Zhang, Jiyan Li. Composition of geochemical elements and its implications for long-ridge yardang in the northwestern Qaidam Basin, China[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2021, 41(3): 127-136.
样品 | SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | MgO | CaO | Na2O | K2O | P2O5 | TiO2 | MnO | CIA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
表层 | 14.01 | 5.61 | 1.56 | 11.20 | 14.28 | 5.51 | 0.56 | 0.06 | 0.18 | 0.04 | 23.06 |
0—10 cm | 21.04 | 7.56 | 1.51 | 10.49 | 7.04 | 12.35 | 1.28 | 0.08 | 0.22 | 0.04 | 17.97 |
20—30 cm | 23.95 | 8.00 | 1.65 | 9.95 | 6.57 | 14.28 | 0.99 | 0.07 | 0.21 | 0.03 | 17.97 |
30—220 cm | 28.25 | 8.64 | 1.21 | 6.48 | 5.41 | 16.29 | 0.84 | 0.07 | 0.20 | 0.04 | 18.71 |
220—260 cm | 39.87 | 11.80 | 3.92 | 8.56 | 8.50 | 3.14 | 1.88 | 0.13 | 0.47 | 0.08 | 48.82 |
260—300 cm | 51.05 | 11.89 | 4.25 | 3.71 | 9.55 | 2.41 | 2.42 | 0.14 | 0.57 | 0.08 | 52.97 |
300—315 cm | 34.28 | 8.26 | 3.65 | 2.71 | 23.87 | 2.07 | 1.60 | 0.10 | 0.43 | 0.07 | 49.20 |
315—325 cm | 45.63 | 11.44 | 2.42 | 3.07 | 10.71 | 6.48 | 1.79 | 0.10 | 0.35 | 0.07 | 32.97 |
325—350 cm | 38.91 | 11.46 | 3.21 | 4.27 | 12.35 | 4.55 | 2.06 | 0.10 | 0.39 | 0.07 | 39.96 |
350—357 cm | 45.69 | 13.15 | 3.11 | 4.35 | 11.44 | 3.25 | 2.30 | 0.10 | 0.39 | 0.09 | 49.95 |
357—395 cm | 43.11 | 13.44 | 4.54 | 4.26 | 11.58 | 2.76 | 2.87 | 0.10 | 0.53 | 0.08 | 52.47 |
395—465 cm | 41.30 | 13.10 | 1.53 | 9.05 | 7.65 | 4.58 | 1.98 | 0.08 | 0.17 | 0.06 | 43.22 |
465—550 cm | 39.67 | 12.81 | 4.17 | 9.00 | 8.17 | 2.67 | 2.03 | 0.11 | 0.46 | 0.07 | 53.86 |
550—600 cm | 33.79 | 10.10 | 1.48 | 2.20 | 25.51 | 3.27 | 1.35 | 0.06 | 0.32 | 0.04 | 45.29 |
廊道流沙 | 55.52 | 9.78 | 2.31 | 1.98 | 8.18 | 3.86 | 1.93 | 0.10 | 0.53 | 0.06 | 39.78 |
戈壁 | 69.88 | 6.49 | 1.82 | 0.87 | 4.51 | 2.97 | 1.36 | 0.10 | 0.35 | 0.05 | 36.57 |
线形沙丘 | 73.09 | 7.78 | 1.74 | 0.96 | 4.36 | 3.49 | 1.72 | 0.07 | 0.35 | 0.04 | 36.83 |
九州台黄土 | 53.71 | 11.26 | 4.39 | 2.36 | 9.56 | 1.57 | 2.37 | 0.16 | 0.62 | 0.08 | 59.29 |
UCC | 65.89 | 15.17 | 5.00 | 2.20 | 4.19 | 3.89 | 3.39 | 0.20 | 0.50 | 0.06 | 47.95 |
PAAS | 62.80 | 18.90 | 7.22 | 2.20 | 1.30 | 1.20 | 3.70 | 0.16 | 1.00 | 0.11 | 70.38 |
表1 长垄状雅丹及对比沉积物常量元素含量(%)
Table 1 Contents of major elements for long-ridge yardang and the other compared sediments
样品 | SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | MgO | CaO | Na2O | K2O | P2O5 | TiO2 | MnO | CIA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
表层 | 14.01 | 5.61 | 1.56 | 11.20 | 14.28 | 5.51 | 0.56 | 0.06 | 0.18 | 0.04 | 23.06 |
0—10 cm | 21.04 | 7.56 | 1.51 | 10.49 | 7.04 | 12.35 | 1.28 | 0.08 | 0.22 | 0.04 | 17.97 |
20—30 cm | 23.95 | 8.00 | 1.65 | 9.95 | 6.57 | 14.28 | 0.99 | 0.07 | 0.21 | 0.03 | 17.97 |
30—220 cm | 28.25 | 8.64 | 1.21 | 6.48 | 5.41 | 16.29 | 0.84 | 0.07 | 0.20 | 0.04 | 18.71 |
220—260 cm | 39.87 | 11.80 | 3.92 | 8.56 | 8.50 | 3.14 | 1.88 | 0.13 | 0.47 | 0.08 | 48.82 |
260—300 cm | 51.05 | 11.89 | 4.25 | 3.71 | 9.55 | 2.41 | 2.42 | 0.14 | 0.57 | 0.08 | 52.97 |
300—315 cm | 34.28 | 8.26 | 3.65 | 2.71 | 23.87 | 2.07 | 1.60 | 0.10 | 0.43 | 0.07 | 49.20 |
315—325 cm | 45.63 | 11.44 | 2.42 | 3.07 | 10.71 | 6.48 | 1.79 | 0.10 | 0.35 | 0.07 | 32.97 |
325—350 cm | 38.91 | 11.46 | 3.21 | 4.27 | 12.35 | 4.55 | 2.06 | 0.10 | 0.39 | 0.07 | 39.96 |
350—357 cm | 45.69 | 13.15 | 3.11 | 4.35 | 11.44 | 3.25 | 2.30 | 0.10 | 0.39 | 0.09 | 49.95 |
357—395 cm | 43.11 | 13.44 | 4.54 | 4.26 | 11.58 | 2.76 | 2.87 | 0.10 | 0.53 | 0.08 | 52.47 |
395—465 cm | 41.30 | 13.10 | 1.53 | 9.05 | 7.65 | 4.58 | 1.98 | 0.08 | 0.17 | 0.06 | 43.22 |
465—550 cm | 39.67 | 12.81 | 4.17 | 9.00 | 8.17 | 2.67 | 2.03 | 0.11 | 0.46 | 0.07 | 53.86 |
550—600 cm | 33.79 | 10.10 | 1.48 | 2.20 | 25.51 | 3.27 | 1.35 | 0.06 | 0.32 | 0.04 | 45.29 |
廊道流沙 | 55.52 | 9.78 | 2.31 | 1.98 | 8.18 | 3.86 | 1.93 | 0.10 | 0.53 | 0.06 | 39.78 |
戈壁 | 69.88 | 6.49 | 1.82 | 0.87 | 4.51 | 2.97 | 1.36 | 0.10 | 0.35 | 0.05 | 36.57 |
线形沙丘 | 73.09 | 7.78 | 1.74 | 0.96 | 4.36 | 3.49 | 1.72 | 0.07 | 0.35 | 0.04 | 36.83 |
九州台黄土 | 53.71 | 11.26 | 4.39 | 2.36 | 9.56 | 1.57 | 2.37 | 0.16 | 0.62 | 0.08 | 59.29 |
UCC | 65.89 | 15.17 | 5.00 | 2.20 | 4.19 | 3.89 | 3.39 | 0.20 | 0.50 | 0.06 | 47.95 |
PAAS | 62.80 | 18.90 | 7.22 | 2.20 | 1.30 | 1.20 | 3.70 | 0.16 | 1.00 | 0.11 | 70.38 |
样品 | Cl | V | Cr | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | Ga | As | Br | Rb | Sr | Y | Zr | Nb | Ba | La | Ce | Nd | Pb |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
表层 | 29 328.4 | 26.2 | 22.9 | 3.4 | 9.7 | 11.1 | 18.8 | 5.6 | 3.5 | 1.0 | 26.7 | 1 161.0 | 7.1 | 87.9 | 4.3 | 701.9 | 22.5 | / | 11.0 | 12.5 |
0—10 cm | 101 538.5 | 24.0 | 16.1 | 3.1 | 9.7 | 13.6 | 12.5 | 6.7 | 9.1 | 0.6 | 41.2 | 710.0 | 10.1 | 153.0 | 5.7 | 722.4 | 21.0 | / | 12.2 | 10.5 |
20—30 cm | 102 665.7 | 27.5 | 23.8 | 2.8 | 15.1 | 12.7 | 15.9 | 8.5 | 13.5 | 11.3 | 49.9 | 435.6 | 9.8 | 113.8 | 5.8 | 421.4 | 20.4 | / | 7.0 | 5.7 |
30—220 cm | 124 410.5 | 20.2 | 13.3 | 3.5 | 8.4 | 12.0 | / | 6.4 | 8.5 | 4.8 | 42.1 | 967.9 | 8.4 | 174.3 | 4.6 | 497.5 | 23.7 | / | 11.4 | 14.0 |
220—260 cm | 14 816.8 | 64.2 | 57.4 | 6.4 | 28.2 | 25.8 | 42.6 | 13.6 | 3.4 | 8.6 | 82.4 | 280.3 | 19.4 | 165.6 | 11.8 | 499.6 | 36.0 | / | 15.5 | 12.9 |
260—300 cm | 7 959.7 | 75.8 | 64.1 | 9.5 | 36.7 | 21.4 | 44.1 | 16.0 | 8.4 | 10.0 | 94.3 | 288.7 | 22.5 | 180.8 | 13.8 | 592.6 | 41.1 | 73.5 | 25.3 | 13.9 |
300—315 cm | 4 880.3 | 57.5 | 48.2 | 8.4 | 30.2 | 22.9 | 35.4 | 10.3 | 12.9 | 5.6 | 52.5 | 1 476.2 | 15.5 | 218.4 | 10.1 | 597.4 | 31.3 | 25.7 | 25.5 | 19.5 |
315—325 cm | 37 064.9 | 48.4 | 35.1 | 5.6 | 21.5 | 23.6 | 19.9 | 12.2 | 5.5 | 3.2 | 69.8 | 1 034.4 | 13.2 | 168.2 | 6.6 | 1 078.3 | 37.2 | 16.0 | 20.6 | 17.8 |
325—350 cm | 29 038.1 | 62.5 | 51.6 | 6.6 | 32.0 | 48.1 | 40.2 | 12.9 | 7.7 | 7.2 | 82.5 | 930.7 | 14.7 | 151.3 | 8.7 | 689.8 | 29.3 | / | 22.9 | 15.9 |
350—357 cm | 19 929.8 | 62.3 | 44.7 | 7.1 | 29.5 | 34.2 | 33.7 | 14.0 | 6.5 | 9.0 | 82.9 | 1 345.0 | 13.6 | 128.2 | 6.6 | 922.9 | 26.5 | 46.0 | 25.7 | 16.5 |
357—395 cm | 11 999.0 | 90.3 | 78.1 | 9.9 | 42.5 | 31.9 | 71.9 | 18.2 | 9.0 | 3.4 | 113.8 | 753.6 | 19.7 | 164.7 | 12.2 | 567.7 | 36.7 | 59.6 | 29.0 | 18.5 |
395—465 cm | 26 549.7 | 24.7 | 15.7 | 4.1 | 10.8 | 16.6 | 3.5 | 9.7 | 16.7 | 9.6 | 76.8 | 1 062.9 | 7.0 | 86.2 | 3.1 | 748.3 | 39.8 | / | 14.7 | 16.4 |
465—550 cm | 9 992.2 | 67.7 | 61.7 | 6.9 | 29.3 | 22.6 | 45.7 | 14.0 | 9.8 | 3.2 | 85.9 | 503.5 | 18.8 | 214.9 | 11.2 | 653.9 | 45.9 | / | 24.3 | 15.4 |
550—600 cm | 7 091.4 | 36.8 | 24.2 | 4.9 | 12.9 | 17.3 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 28.2 | 1.8 | 26.1 | 3 881.0 | 5.9 | 135.7 | / | 3 314.5 | 56.3 | / | 33.9 | 37.1 |
廊道流沙 | 5 043.9 | 46.3 | 26.9 | 49.7 | 16.1 | 10.8 | 10.8 | 12.4 | 5.5 | / | 82.9 | 536.3 | 19.5 | 263.8 | 11.9 | 643.3 | 27.5 | 42.7 | 18.3 | 14.3 |
UCC | 640 | 107 | 85 | 17 | 44 | 25 | 71 | 17 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 112 | 350 | 22 | 190 | 12 | 550 | 30 | 64 | 26 | 17 |
表2 长垄状雅丹及对比沉积物微量元素含量 (μg·g-1)
Table 2 Contents of trace elements for long-ridge yardang and the other compared sediments
样品 | Cl | V | Cr | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | Ga | As | Br | Rb | Sr | Y | Zr | Nb | Ba | La | Ce | Nd | Pb |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
表层 | 29 328.4 | 26.2 | 22.9 | 3.4 | 9.7 | 11.1 | 18.8 | 5.6 | 3.5 | 1.0 | 26.7 | 1 161.0 | 7.1 | 87.9 | 4.3 | 701.9 | 22.5 | / | 11.0 | 12.5 |
0—10 cm | 101 538.5 | 24.0 | 16.1 | 3.1 | 9.7 | 13.6 | 12.5 | 6.7 | 9.1 | 0.6 | 41.2 | 710.0 | 10.1 | 153.0 | 5.7 | 722.4 | 21.0 | / | 12.2 | 10.5 |
20—30 cm | 102 665.7 | 27.5 | 23.8 | 2.8 | 15.1 | 12.7 | 15.9 | 8.5 | 13.5 | 11.3 | 49.9 | 435.6 | 9.8 | 113.8 | 5.8 | 421.4 | 20.4 | / | 7.0 | 5.7 |
30—220 cm | 124 410.5 | 20.2 | 13.3 | 3.5 | 8.4 | 12.0 | / | 6.4 | 8.5 | 4.8 | 42.1 | 967.9 | 8.4 | 174.3 | 4.6 | 497.5 | 23.7 | / | 11.4 | 14.0 |
220—260 cm | 14 816.8 | 64.2 | 57.4 | 6.4 | 28.2 | 25.8 | 42.6 | 13.6 | 3.4 | 8.6 | 82.4 | 280.3 | 19.4 | 165.6 | 11.8 | 499.6 | 36.0 | / | 15.5 | 12.9 |
260—300 cm | 7 959.7 | 75.8 | 64.1 | 9.5 | 36.7 | 21.4 | 44.1 | 16.0 | 8.4 | 10.0 | 94.3 | 288.7 | 22.5 | 180.8 | 13.8 | 592.6 | 41.1 | 73.5 | 25.3 | 13.9 |
300—315 cm | 4 880.3 | 57.5 | 48.2 | 8.4 | 30.2 | 22.9 | 35.4 | 10.3 | 12.9 | 5.6 | 52.5 | 1 476.2 | 15.5 | 218.4 | 10.1 | 597.4 | 31.3 | 25.7 | 25.5 | 19.5 |
315—325 cm | 37 064.9 | 48.4 | 35.1 | 5.6 | 21.5 | 23.6 | 19.9 | 12.2 | 5.5 | 3.2 | 69.8 | 1 034.4 | 13.2 | 168.2 | 6.6 | 1 078.3 | 37.2 | 16.0 | 20.6 | 17.8 |
325—350 cm | 29 038.1 | 62.5 | 51.6 | 6.6 | 32.0 | 48.1 | 40.2 | 12.9 | 7.7 | 7.2 | 82.5 | 930.7 | 14.7 | 151.3 | 8.7 | 689.8 | 29.3 | / | 22.9 | 15.9 |
350—357 cm | 19 929.8 | 62.3 | 44.7 | 7.1 | 29.5 | 34.2 | 33.7 | 14.0 | 6.5 | 9.0 | 82.9 | 1 345.0 | 13.6 | 128.2 | 6.6 | 922.9 | 26.5 | 46.0 | 25.7 | 16.5 |
357—395 cm | 11 999.0 | 90.3 | 78.1 | 9.9 | 42.5 | 31.9 | 71.9 | 18.2 | 9.0 | 3.4 | 113.8 | 753.6 | 19.7 | 164.7 | 12.2 | 567.7 | 36.7 | 59.6 | 29.0 | 18.5 |
395—465 cm | 26 549.7 | 24.7 | 15.7 | 4.1 | 10.8 | 16.6 | 3.5 | 9.7 | 16.7 | 9.6 | 76.8 | 1 062.9 | 7.0 | 86.2 | 3.1 | 748.3 | 39.8 | / | 14.7 | 16.4 |
465—550 cm | 9 992.2 | 67.7 | 61.7 | 6.9 | 29.3 | 22.6 | 45.7 | 14.0 | 9.8 | 3.2 | 85.9 | 503.5 | 18.8 | 214.9 | 11.2 | 653.9 | 45.9 | / | 24.3 | 15.4 |
550—600 cm | 7 091.4 | 36.8 | 24.2 | 4.9 | 12.9 | 17.3 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 28.2 | 1.8 | 26.1 | 3 881.0 | 5.9 | 135.7 | / | 3 314.5 | 56.3 | / | 33.9 | 37.1 |
廊道流沙 | 5 043.9 | 46.3 | 26.9 | 49.7 | 16.1 | 10.8 | 10.8 | 12.4 | 5.5 | / | 82.9 | 536.3 | 19.5 | 263.8 | 11.9 | 643.3 | 27.5 | 42.7 | 18.3 | 14.3 |
UCC | 640 | 107 | 85 | 17 | 44 | 25 | 71 | 17 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 112 | 350 | 22 | 190 | 12 | 550 | 30 | 64 | 26 | 17 |
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