火星和地球雅丹形态学类比分析——以埃律西昂平原和柴达木盆地为例

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2017.00046

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 作为一种风蚀地貌，雅丹地貌是对环境长期适应的一种表现，其形态特征可以反映所受内外营力的作用。对火星埃律西昂平原和地球柴达木盆地雅丹体的形态参数进行对比分析。结果显示：（1）埃律西昂平原雅丹体的长宽比（3.49）与柴达木盆地雅丹体的长宽比（3.57）较为接近，同时也与理想状态下的长宽比（4）接近，它们都具有流线型的形态，且处于雅丹体发育的成熟期。（2）柴达木盆地雅丹体是鲸背状，埃律西昂平原雅丹体是椭圆状，原因是柴达木盆地雅丹体常年受盛行风的影响，埃律西昂平原雅丹体受两种反向风的影响。柴达木盆地雅丹体表面崩裂的痕迹不明显，埃律西昂平原雅丹体表面崩裂的痕迹比较明显，原因是形成雅丹体的物质基础和温差环境不同：柴达木盆地雅丹体的物质基础是湖相沉积物，雅丹体表面有减弱风化的盐壳；埃律西昂平原雅丹体的物质基础是火山熔岩流，而且火星的昼夜温差大于地球。

关键词: 雅丹, 火星, 柴达木盆地, 埃律西昂平原

Abstract: Yardang is a kind of wind erosion landform, which is a long-term adaptation to the environment. Its morphological characteristics can reflect the effect of its internal and external forces. We compared and analyzed the morphological parameters of the yardang bodies in the Elysium Planitia and the Qaidam Basin in the paper. The results show:(1)The ratio of length to width of yardang bodies in the Elysium Planitia is 3.49, which is close to that (3.57) in the Qaidam Basin and theoretical value (4). The yardang bodies in the Elysium Planitia and the Qaidam Basin have streamlined shape and are in the mature stage. (2)The yardang bodies are whale dorsal in the Qaidam Basin and ellipsoidal in the Elysium Planitia. The reason is that yardang bodies are affected by prevailing winds in the Qaidam Basin and are influenced by two kinds of reverse wind in the Elysium Planitia. The surface of yardang bodies have not obvious signs of split in the Qaidam Basin and have obvious signs of split in the Elysium Planitia. The reason is that they have different material base and temperature environment. The material basis of yardang bodies is lacustrine sediments and the surface has salt encrustation decaying weathering in the Qaidam Basin. However, the material basis of yardang bodies is lava flow in the Elysium Planitia, and the diurnal temperature variation on Mars is larger than on the earth.

Key words: Yardang, Mars, Qaidam Basin, Elysium Planitia

中图分类号:

P931.3

李露露, 董治宝, 李超, 崔徐甲, 肖巍强, 肖南. 火星和地球雅丹形态学类比分析——以埃律西昂平原和柴达木盆地为例[J]. 中国沙漠, 2018, 38(4): 716-723.

Li Lulu, Dong Zhibao, Li Chao, Cui Xujia, Xiao Weiqiang, Xiao Nan. Comparison of Yardang Morphology on the Earth and the Mars: taking the Elysium Planitia and the Qaidam Basin for an example[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2018, 38(4): 716-723.

参考文献

[1] Ward A W,Greeley R.Evolution of the yardangs at Rogers Lake,California[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1984,95(7):829-837.
[2] Dong Z,Lv P,Lu J,et al.Geomorphology and origin of Yardangs in the Kumtagh Desert,Northwest China[J].Geomorphology,2012,139/140(2):145-154.
[3] McCauley J F,Grolier M J,Breed C S.Yardangs[C]//Doehring D O.Geomorphology in Arid Regions.New York,USA:State University of New York,1977:233-269.
[4] Gutiérrez-Elorza M,Desir G,Gutiérrez-Santolalla F.Yardangs in the semiarid central sector of the Ebro Depression (NE Spain)[J].Geomorphology,2002,44(1):155-170.
[5] Ward A W.Yardangs on Mars:evidence of recent wind erosion[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,1979,84(B14):8147-8166.
[6] Mandt K E,Silva S L D,Zimbelman J R,et al.Origin of the Medusae Fossae Formation,Mars:Insights from a synoptic approach[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2008,113(E12):36-44.
[7] Ehsani A H,Quiel F.Application of Self Organizing Map and SRTM data to characterize yardangs in the Lut desert,Iran[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2008,112(7):3284-3294.
[8] Grolier M J,Embabi N S.Yardangs of the Western Desert of Egypt[J].Geographical Journal,1979,146(1):86-87.
[9] Sebe K,Csillag G,Ruszkiczay-Rüdiger Z,et al.Wind erosion under cold climate:a Pleistocene periglacial mega-yardang system in Central Europe (Western Pannonian Basin,Hungary)[J].Geomorphology,2011,134(3/4):470-482.
[10] Ward A W,Doyle K B,Helm P J,et al.Global map of eolian features on Mars[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth,1985,90(B2):2038-2056.
[11] 李继彦,董治宝.火星风沙地貌研究进展[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(4):951-961.
[12] Mandt K,Silva S D,Zimbelman J,et al.Distinct erosional progressions in the Medusae Fossae Formation,Mars,indicate contrasting environmental conditions[J].Icarus,2009,204(2):471-477.
[13] 牛清河,屈建军,李孝泽等.雅丹地貌研究评述与展望[J].地球科学进展,2011,26(5):516-527.
[14] 王帅,哈斯.风蚀地貌形态与过程研究进展[J].地球科学与环境学报,2009,31(1):100-105.
[15] 夏训诚.罗布泊地区雅丹地貌的成因[C]//中国科学院新疆分院罗布泊综合科学考察队.罗布泊科学考察与研究.北京:科学出版社,1987:52-59.
[16] Hedin S.Central Asia and Tibet[M].New York,USA:Scribners,1903.
[17] Al-Dousari A M,Al-Elaj M,Al-Enezi E,et al.Origin and characteristics of yardangs in the Um Al-Rimam depressions (N Kuwait)[J].Geomorphology,2009,104(3):93-104.
[18] 穆斯塔法·哈里默夫,福里茨·弗兹尔,杨有林.中央亚细亚的八种雅丹地貌类型[J].中国沙漠,1990,10(1):1-12.
[19] Goudie A S.Mega-yardangs:a global analysis[J].Geography Compass,2007,1(1):65-81.
[20] El-Baz F,Breed C S,Grolier M J,et al.Eolian features in the western desert of Egypt and some applications to Mars[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth,1979,84(B14):8205-8221.
[21] Ritley K,Odontuya E.Yardangs and dome dunes northeast of Tavan Har,Gobi,Mongolia[J].GSA Abstracts with Programs,2004,36(4):33-36.
[22] Silva S L D,Bailey J E,Mandt K E,et al.Yardangs in terrestrial ignimbrites:synergistic remote and field observations on Earth with applications to Mars[J].Planetary & Space Science,2010,58(4):459-471.
[23] Xiao L,Wang J,Dang Y,et al.A new terrestrial analogue site for Mars research:the Qaidam Basin,Tibetan Plateau (NW China)[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2017,164:84-101.
[24] 张虎才,雷国良,常凤琴,等.柴达木盆地察尔汗贝壳堤剖面年代学研究[J].第四纪研究,2007,27(4):511-521.
[25] 李继彦,董治宝.柴达木盆地东南部雅丹地貌形态参数研究[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(4):122-125.
[26] http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/1784.
[27] Noguchi R,Kurita K.Unique characteristics of cones in Central Elysium Planitia,Mars[J].Planetary & Space Science,2015,111(1):44-54.
[28] Whitney M I.The role of vorticity in developing lineation by wind erosion[J].Agricultural Economics,1978,89(1):287-295.
[29] 李继彦.察尔汗盐湖雅丹地貌研究[D].西安:陕西师范大学,2012.