高立式阻沙网风场扰动特征的风洞模拟

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00110

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高立式高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）阻沙网具有优良的力学性能与耐久性，在防风固沙工程中表现出显著的阻沙效果，已成为沙漠公路等风沙危害严重区域广泛采用的关键防护措施。基于内蒙古额济纳旗S315公路沙害严重区段实地沙样，开展系统的风洞模拟试验，探究不同高度阻沙网与来流风速组合条件下的风场扰动特征及防风效能。结果表明：阻沙网在迎风侧和背风侧形成明显的三功能分区结构（减速区—加速区—沉降区），其中背风侧的风速削减效应更为显著。随着阻沙网高度的增加，两个减速区面积都在增加，背风侧减速区面积始终大于迎风侧，风速的减弱速率和幅度也明显高于迎风侧。阻沙网在下风向的防护距离可延伸至16H。

关键词: 高立式HDPE阻沙网, 风洞实验, 风场扰动, 防风效能

Abstract:

Tall vertical high-density polyethylene （HDPE） sand barrier exhibits excellent mechanical properties and durability， demonstrating significant sand-blocking effectiveness in windbreak and sand-fixation projects. It has become a key protective measure widely adopted in areas severely affected by wind-blown sand， such as desert highways. This study employed wind tunnel simulations using sand samples collected from a severely sand-affected section of the S315 highway in Ejin Banner， Inner Mongolia， to investigate airflow disturbances and windbreak performance of sand barriers under varying combinations of barrier heights and incoming wind speeds. The results revealed that the barriers generated a well-defined three-zone structure（deceleration， acceleration， and deposition）on both the windward and leeward sides， with wind speed reduction being more pronounced on the leeward side. As barrier height increased， both deceleration zones expanded， with the leeward zone consistently broader and exhibiting greater wind attenuation in both rate and magnitude. Notably， the protective influence of the barrier extended to a downwind distance of up to 16 times its height （16H）.

Key words: tall vertical high-density polyethylene （HDPE） sand barrier, wind tunnel experiments, wind field disturbance, windbreak efficiency

中图分类号:

马茜茜, 肖建华, 姚正毅, 薛娴. 高立式阻沙网风场扰动特征的风洞模拟[J]. 中国沙漠, 2026, 46(3): 32-41.

Xixi Ma, Jianhua Xiao, Zhengyi Yao, Xian Xue. Wind field disturbance induced by tall vertical sand barriers： a wind tunnel simulation[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2026, 46(3): 32-41.

图/表 9

图1 低疏透度阻沙网两侧典型气流模式［6-8］

Fig.1 Typical regimes of air flow near a fence with low porosity［6-8］

图2 低疏透度阻沙网周围输沙模式［9］注：A为顺风区，B为振荡区，C为逆风区，D为振荡区，E为顺风区

Fig.2 Regimes of particle movement near a fence with low porosity［9］

图3 室内风洞布设示意图

Fig.3 Layout of indoor wind tunnel experiment

图4 无阻沙网布设条件下的风速廓线

Fig.4 Wind speed profiles without fence

表1 无阻沙网布设条件下高度 Z 与风速 UZ 的线性拟合

Table 1 The linear fit of the height Z with the wind speed UZ without fence

U/(m·s^-1)	Z与U_Z 的线性拟合	R²	Z₀/cm
8	lnZ = 1.2696U_Z - 8.6856	0.9726	0.00017
10	lnZ = 1.0221U_Z - 8.5251	0.9852	0.00020
12	lnZ = 0.8365U_Z - 8.2878	0.9861	0.00025
16	lnZ = 0.6468U_Z - 8.5006	0.9854	0.00020
20	lnZ = 0.5359U_Z - 8.8871	0.9864	0.00014

图5 不同来流风速下不同高度阻沙网流场分布

Fig.5 Flow fields around fences of different heights under under different inflow wind speeds

图6 8 m·s-1和16 m·s-1来流风速下不同高度阻沙网两侧风速廓线

Fig.6 Wind speed profiles around fences of different heights under wind velocity of 8 m·s-1 and 16 m·s-1

图7 不同来流风速下阻沙网水平方向风速分布特征

Fig.7 Distribution of flow velocity in horizontal direction of fences different inflow wind speeds

图8 风速为12 m·s-1时，不同高度阻沙网的平均防风效能

Fig.8 The average reduction coefficient of horizontal wind velocity of different height fences， when the wind speed is 12 m·s-1

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