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中国沙漠 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1): 219-228.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00354

• • 上一篇    

干旱荒漠区沙生灌木不定根研究进展

刘佳艺1,2(), 罗维成1(), 赵文智1, 郭彬3, 周海1, 任珩1   

  1. 1.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 甘肃临泽农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站/干旱区生态安全与可持续发展全国重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730000
    2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
    3.甘肃农业大学 林学院,甘肃 兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-23 修回日期:2025-12-25 出版日期:2026-01-20 发布日期:2026-03-09
  • 通讯作者: 罗维成
  • 作者简介:刘佳艺(2002—),女,山西太原人,硕士研究生,研究方向为荒漠植物生态学。E-mail: liujiayi241@mails.ucas.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(42177457);国家自然科学基金项目(42230720);中国科学院“西部之光”项目

Research progress on adventitious roots of sand-fixing shrubs in arid desert regions

Jiayi Liu1,2(), Weicheng Luo1(), Wenzhi Zhao1, Bin Guo3, Hai Zhou1, Heng Ren1   

  1. 1.Gansu Linze National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Farmland Ecosystem / State Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
    3.College of Forestry,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China
  • Received:2025-11-23 Revised:2025-12-25 Online:2026-01-20 Published:2026-03-09
  • Contact: Weicheng Luo

摘要:

沙生灌木是干旱、半干旱区荒漠生态系统的重要组成部分,在风沙灾害防治和生物多样性保护等方面均有重要意义。不定根(Adventitious roots)是由植物茎部等非根组织发育的根系,其生长和发育直接关系到植物的水肥利用效率、生境适应性和营养繁殖成功率,因此不定根的发育被认为是沙生灌木适应荒漠生态系统水分和养分胁迫以及风沙活动干扰的重要策略。目前,在沙生灌木不定根的形成和发育机制、形态特征及其生态作用等方面,国内外已经开展了一定范围的研究,并取得了一些突破和进展,但还缺乏较为系统全面的梳理与总结。本文系统梳理了目前关于沙生灌木不定根构型特征、发育机制及其生态作用等方面的研究成果,发现不定根通常可塑性较强,且具有较强的水分与养分吸收能力,是沙生灌木适应干旱和沙埋等胁迫的重要策略。此外,不定根的发育还和沙生克隆灌木的克隆繁殖直接相关,对极端生境下沙生灌木的自然更新和种群的维持与扩张至关重要。然而,在全球变化加剧的背景下,沙生灌木不定根发育机制、生态功能及其与土壤间的互馈机制等问题仍然没有统一的认识。因此,未来研究亟需针对沙地生境荒漠灌木不定根开展多物种、多尺度的长期监测,结合同位素示踪、基因组学和转录组学等现代技术和手段,深入揭示沙生灌木在不同环境胁迫条件下不定根发育的分子调控机制,明确不定根在植物水分和养分吸收等方面的重要作用,以丰富荒漠地下生态学研究理论体系,为干旱区荒漠植被建植和管理及生态恢复提供科学依据。

关键词: 沙生灌木, 不定根, 发育机制, 生态功能, 环境调控

Abstract:

Sand-fixing shrubs are vital components of desert ecosystems in arid and semi-arid regions, playing significant roles in combating aeolian sand erosion and preserving biodiversity. Adventitious roots are roots that develop from non-root tissues, such as stems. The growth of adventitious roots is directly linked to plant water and nutrient use efficiency, habitat adaptability, and the success of clonal propagation. Consequently, adventitious root formation is thought to be a crucial strategy for sand-fixing shrubs to cope with water and nutrient stress as well as disturbances caused by aeolian sand activity in desert ecosystems. Research on the formation and developmental mechanisms, morphological characteristics, and ecological functions of adventitious roots in sand-fixing shrubs has received increasing attention worldwide, and notable progress has been made in recent years. However, a systematic and comprehensive synthesis of existing findings remains limited. This paper systematically reviews current findings on the developmental mechanisms, architectural characteristics, and environmental roles of adventitious roots in sand-fixing shrubs, revealing that adventitious roots generally exhibit high plasticity and possess strong water and nutrient uptake capacities, serving as a critical adaptation strategy to stressors such as drought and sand burial. Furthermore, the development of adventitious roots is directly linked to the clonal reproduction in clonal sand-fixing shrubs, playing an essential role in natural regeneration and population maintenance and expansion of sand-fixing shrubs under extreme habitats. Nevertheless, against the backdrop of intensifying global change, key questions regarding the developmental mechanisms, ecological functions, and plant-soil feedbacks of adventitious roots in sand-fixing shrubs remain unresolved. Therefore, future research urgently needs to prioritize long-term, multi-species, and multi-scale monitoring of adventitious roots in sand-fixing shrubs across sandy habitats. By integrating modern techniques such as isotope tracing, genomics, and transcriptomics, studies should aim to elucidate the molecular regulatory mechanisms of adventitious root development under various environmental stresses and clarify their critical roles in plant water and nutrient absorption. This will contribute to advancing the theoretical framework of desert belowground ecology and provide a scientific basis for vegetation establishment, management, and ecological restoration in arid desert regions.

Key words: sand-fixing shrubs, adventitious roots, developmental mechanism, ecological function, environmental regulation

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