察汗淖尔干涸湖盆春季盐尘理化性质

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2026.00048

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

察汗淖尔是坝上地区第二大内陆湖。近年来，该湖急剧萎缩，湖盆大面积干涸裸露，在冬春季强风作用下释放大量盐尘，由此引发的盐尘污染风险引发广泛关注。然而，目前对该湖淖释放盐尘的理化性质研究仍较为缺乏。为此，本研究通过3年的系统采样，采集了察汗淖尔干涸湖盆春季近地表风蚀物、风积物及原位表层土壤样品，分析其理化性质及空间变化规律，并探讨了盐尘与源区表层土壤之间的关系。结果表明：风蚀物与原位表层土壤在平均粒径、粒级组成、全盐含量及重金属（As、Cd、Cr、Pb）含量上高度一致，且空间变化趋势基本吻合，证实了盐尘的理化性质主要受原位土壤控制。相对于原位土壤，风蚀物与风积物的全盐含量略低，风积物的全盐含量在沿西北-东南方向（冬春季盛行风方向）的采集样线上表现出一定的“空间滞后性”，反映了风蚀物在风力作用下的搬运过程。与普通沙尘相比，研究区的盐尘具有含盐量高、颗粒更细、重金属富集的特征，生态与健康风险较为突出，亟须加强源头的风险管控。

关键词: 干涸湖泊, 察汗淖尔, 粒径, 全盐含量, 重金属

Abstract:

Chahannur， located at the border of Hebei and Inner Mongolia， was the second largest inland lake in Bashang region. In recent years， this lake has shrunk dramatically， exposing large areas of its dried-up lakebed. The salt-dust raised by strong winds each winter and spring arouses great concern over its pollution risk. However， research on the properties of such dust from this lake remains insufficient. To reveal the physicochemical characteristic of the salt dust， this study conducted systematic collection and analysis of near-surface wind-eroded materials， aeolian deposits， and in-situ topsoil samples in spring of three years. The physicochemical properties and spatial variation patterns of salt dust were examined， and the relationship between salt dust and its source topsoil was explored. The results indicate that wind-eroded materials closely resemble in-situ topsoil in terms of mean particle size， grain-size composition， total salt content， and heavy metal （As， Cd， Cr， Pb） content. Their spatial trends along the sampling transect were also largely consistent， confirming that salt dust inherits the material characteristics of its source soil. The total salt content of wind-eroded materials and aeolian deposits was slightly lower than that of in-situ soil. Moreover， relative to in-situ soils， the total salinity of deflated and aeolian sediments is slightly lower. Along the sampling transect in the northwest-southeast direction， corresponding to the prevailing winds in winter and spring， the total salinity of aeolian deposits exhibits a noticeable spatial lag， reflecting the wind-driven transport processes of deflated sediments. Compared with ordinary sand dust， the salt dust in the study area is characterized by higher salt content， finer particle size， and enrichment of heavy metals， posing more pronounced ecological and health risks. Given the longer transport distance， greater potential hazards， longer-term risks of salt dust， and intense wind erosion activity in the source area， the salt dust pollution situation in Chahannur is severe， necessitating strengthened risk management and prioritized control at the source.

Key words: desiccated lake, Chahannur, particle size, total salt content, heavy metals

中图分类号:

蒋红军, 王仁德, 苑依笑, 马艳梅, 高士平, 李庆, 张韬, 刘瑞莹. 察汗淖尔干涸湖盆春季盐尘理化性质[J]. 中国沙漠, 2026, 46(5): 20-30.

Hongjun Jiang, Rende Wang, Yixiao Yuan, Yanmei Ma, Shiping Gao, Qing Li, Tao Zhang, Ruiying Liu. Characterization of salt dust released from the desiccated lake basin of Chahannur， Bashang Area in spring[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2026, 46(5): 20-30.

图/表 11

图1 察汗淖尔位置及采样点分布注：Sentinel-2A真彩色合成影像，拍摄日期：2024年4月24日

Fig.1 Location of Chahannur lake and the sample sites （True-color composite image from Sentinel-2A， taken on April 24th， 2024）

图2 盐尘收集仪器布设现场照片

Fig.2 Field setup of the salt dust sampling instruments

表1 仪器布设及样品采集时间

Table 1 Schedule of instrument deployment and sample collection

年份	仪器布设时间	采样日期	采样日期	采样日期	采样日期
2021	4月24日	5月5日	5月21日
2023	3月31日	4月27日	5月15日
2024	3月22日	3月31日	4月13日	4月26日	5月13日

图3 察汗淖尔干涸湖盆春季近地表盐尘及原位表层土壤物理性质

Fig.3 Physical properties of near-surface salt dust and topsoil in the dry lakebed of Chahannur in spring

图4 察汗淖尔干涸湖盆春季近地表盐尘及原位表层土壤全盐含量和重金属含量

Fig.4 Total salt content and heavy metal content of near-surface salt dust and topsoil in the dry lakebed of Chahannur in spring

图5 察汗淖尔干涸湖盆春季近地表盐尘及原位表层土壤各样点平均粒径及主要组分体积分数

Fig.5 Mean particle size and volume fractions of major components across sampling sites of near-surface salt dust and topsoil in the dry lakebed of Chahannur in spring

图6 察汗淖尔干涸湖盆春季近地表盐尘及原位表层土壤各样点全盐含量及重金属含量

Fig.6 Total salt content and heavy metal content across sampling sites of near-surface salt dust and topsoil in the dry lakebed of Chahannur in spring

图7 察汗淖尔干涸湖盆春季近地表盐尘与原位表层土壤全盐含量空间交叉相关分析注：数字表示与原位的点位偏移数，正值为上风向风蚀（积）物与土壤的相关性，负值为下风向风蚀（积）物与土壤的相关性

Fig.7 Cross-Correlation analysis of total salt content in near-surface salt dust and topsoil of the dry lakebed of Chahannur in spring

图8 察汗淖尔干涸湖盆春季近地表现场踏勘照片

Fig.8 Field survey photos of the near-surface environment in the dry lakebed of Chahannur in spring

图9 察汗淖尔干涸湖盆S8/L9采样点春季风积物、风蚀物和原位表层土壤的平均粒径、全盐含量年际变化

Fig.9 Interannual variations in mean particle size and total salt content of aeolian deposits， wind-eroded materials， and topsoil at the S8/L9 sampling site in the dry lakebed of Chahannur in spring

表2 察汗淖尔干涸湖盆春季近地表盐尘、原位表层土壤及周边典型耕地、草地风蚀物的平均粒径、全盐含量及重金属含量

Table 2 Average particle size， total salt content， and heavy metal content of near-surface salt dust， topsoil and surrounding cropland and grassland aeolian erosion materials in Chahannur in spring

样品类型	平均粒径/μm	全盐含量/(g·kg^-1)	砷(As)/(mg·kg^-1)	镉(Cd)/(mg·kg^-1)	铬(Cr)/(mg·kg^-1)	铜(Cu)/(mg·kg^-1)	铅(Pb)/(mg·kg^-1)
风蚀物	13.13	14.54	15.62	0.26	96.58	57.26	28.68
风积物	25.45	17.68	17.29	0.28	90.17	51.87	29.95
原位表层土壤	17.79	21.18	14.90	0.22	96.80	36.62	26.07
典型耕地风蚀物	61.63	0.98	6.27	0.07	44.87	21.30	8.98
典型草地风蚀物	80.75	1.40	6.29	0.13	32.99	13.19	10.32

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