荒漠人工植被区浅层土壤水分空间变化特征分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究土壤水分的空间变异及时间动态特征有助于在水文过程与生态格局之间建立定量的联系,由于土壤水分对整个地球系统的重要性,它的时间和空间变化日益引起水文界的广泛关注。干旱荒漠区年降水量稀少,土壤水分在整个生物过程中的作用就显得尤为重要。试验于2005年4月到10月在中国科学院沙坡头沙漠试验研究站人工植被区进行,主要观测1956年植被区表层（0—15 cm）和亚表层（15—30 cm）土壤水分的空间格局与动态分布及其相关影响因素。结果表明:人工植被区表层土壤水分含量明显高于亚表层,其空间变异程度为中等,空间分布的时间差异性显著;降雨是引起干旱沙地表层土壤水分空间变异的决定因素,植物根系是引起亚表层水分空间变异的重要因素。从不同微地形来看,土壤水分含量值表现为丘间低地＞背风坡＞迎风坡,变异程度丘间低地小于迎风坡和背风坡;地形是决定背风坡表层和亚表层以及迎风坡亚表层土壤水分空间分布的主要因素,而迎风坡表层土壤水分变化受风力等环境因子的影响较大。

关键词: 人工植被, 土壤水分, 土壤温度, 空间变化

Abstract: Because of the importance of soil moisture to the whole earth system, its temporal and spatial variability is being given attention by hydrologists. The annual rainfall is rare in arid desert areas, so to the whole biological process, the soil moisture plays a significant effect in these areas. The experiment was conducted in an artificial shrub fixed sand dune(planted in 1956) at Shapotou Desert Experimental Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, from April to October, 2005, to characterize the spatial variation and dynamics of soil moisture in the soil surface(0—15 cm) and subsurface(15—30 cm), and the correlative influencing factors under an extremely drought period with an rainfall amount of about 60 mm during the experimental period. The results indicate that the soil moisture content in 15 cm is obviously higher than that of 30 cm, the degree of spatial variability is medium but the temporal variability is significant. Precipitation is the dominant factor inducing the spatial variability of the shallow soil moisture, plant roots is the important factor to the subsurface moisture variability. The soil moisture content varies associated with the micro-topography, the variation of soil moisture follows such a series, that, the interdune depression (hollow)＞leeward slope＞windward slope, the degree of variability of the interdune depression (hollow) is lower than that of leeward and windward slope. Micro-topography is the main factor in determining the spatial variability of soil moisture of the surface and subsurface at leeward slope and subsurface at windward, but the influence of environment factors such as wind conditions would be visible in surface of windward slope.

Key words: artificial vegetation, soil moisture, soil temperature, spatial variability

中图分类号:

S152.7

潘颜霞;王新平. 荒漠人工植被区浅层土壤水分空间变化特征分析[J]. 中国沙漠, 2007, 27(2): 250-256.

PAN Yan-xia;WANG Xin-ping. Spatial Variation of Soil Moisture in Revegetated Desert Area[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2007, 27(2): 250-256.

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