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中国沙漠 ›› 2008, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (2): 326-331.

• 天气与气候 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于SPAC原理建立内蒙古草原干旱指标

侯 琼1; 陈素华2; 乌兰巴特尔2

  

  1. 1.内蒙古气象科学研究所, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010051; 2.内蒙古生态与农业气象中心, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010051
  • 收稿日期:2007-01-11 修回日期:2007-03-09 出版日期:2008-03-20 发布日期:2008-03-20

Drought Index of Steppe in Inner Mongolia based on SPACC Principle

HOU Qiong1; CHEN Shu-hua2; Wulan Bater2
  

  1. 1.Institute of Inner Mongolia Meteorological Sciences, Hohhot 010051, China; 2.Zoology and Agrometeorological Center of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot 010051, China
  • Received:2007-01-11 Revised:2007-03-09 Online:2008-03-20 Published:2008-03-20

摘要: 利用近20多年气象资料和土壤水分及牧草产量资料,采用对比分析和简化的水量平衡方法,建立了典型草原、草甸草原、荒漠草原需水量及生长季内草地蒸散系数 (Kc)随时间变化经验方程,确定出不同草原类型区需水量和Kc系数,草甸草原、典型草原和荒漠草原4—9月的需水量分别是390 mm、360 mm和180 mm,平均Kc系数为0.62、0.58和0.30;以SPAC理论为基础,给出草原旱情指数(K)的计算方法,结合牧草减产率(I),提出干旱等级指标,当0.8>K≥0.6、25%<I≤45%时为轻旱,0.6>K≥0.4、45%<I≤65%时为中旱,K<0.4、I>65%时为重旱。经3 a的使用检验,指标的一致性达到75.3%,与牧业气象报表描述的旱情基本吻合,结果比较理想。

关键词: 干旱指标, 草原, SPAC原理

Abstract:

According to data of soil water, grass biomass output and meteorological factors in recent 20 years, and by methods of contrasting analysis and water quantity balance, the empirical equations of water requirement and evapotranspiration rate changing with time in growth season of the meadow, the typical and the desert steppes were formulated in the paper. The water requirements of the meadow, the typical and the desert steppes were respectively 390 mm, 360 mm and 180 mm during the period from April to September, their corresponding evaportranspiration rates (Kc) were 0.62, 0.58 and 0.30. Based on the principle of SPAC, the calculating method of steppe drought index(K)was provided, which was combined with the reduction rate of grass yield (I) the drought grading index system was further put forward. Slight drought: 0.8>K≥0.6,25%<I≤45%; moderate drought: 0.6>K≥0.4,45%<I≤65%; Severe drought: K<0.4, I>65%. The consistency of the index system reached 75.3% in three years test, and the drought description of this system was generally identical with that of the animal husbandry meteorological report.

Key words: drought index, steppe, SPAC principle

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