科尔沁沙地土地沙漠化与景观结构变化的关系分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 从时空尺度分析了科尔沁沙地典型地区1975—2005年景观结构的动态变化对土地沙漠化的影响,结果表明:沙漠化程度在1975—2005年之间呈典型的抛物线变化趋势,其中在1985年达到最大值0.398；30 a来,景观尺度上的斑块密度由21个\5hm-2增加到52个\5hm-2,分维数由1.203增大到1.244,说明景观破碎化增强,结构趋向复杂、稳定；景观结构动态对沙漠化程度的影响分析表明,景观的多样化,促进沙漠化的正向发展；斑块密度越大,沙漠化程度越大,说明高的景观的破碎化程度和空间异质性对沙漠化过程对有促进作用。分维数对沙漠化过程的影响较为复杂,在2005年,分维数对沙漠化程度影响是正相关的,且有显著的线性回归关系,但在其他时间段上分维数对沙漠化的程度是负相关的,相关性不够显著。

关键词: 景观结构, 沙漠化, 科尔沁沙地

Abstract: This paper formulated the ecological effect of landscape structure during desertification process of typical area at spatial and temporal scales in Horqin Sandland. The results showed that the trend of desertification process presented typical parabola from 1975 to 2005. The desertification degree index reached the climax as 0.398 in 1985. In the past 30 years, the patch density of mobile sand increased from 21 hm-2 to 52 hm-2; the fractal dimension also increased from 1.203 to 1.224. The results also indicated that the average areas of landscape types decreased whereas the patch density increased gradually, and the landscape fractal dimension index rose. Analysis of relationship between the landscape structure and the desertification process indicated that the higher landscape diversity indices and patch density were, the higher desertification degree was, which also illustrated that the higher landscape fragmentation and spatial heterogeneity promoted desertification progress. There was a distinctly positive correlation between the fractal dimension and desertification degree in 2005. However, during other periods, negative correlations were showed with insignificant relativity. The landscape diversity index, contagion index and fractal dimension index affected more on the desertification process in the past 30 years.

Key words: landscape structure, desertification, Horqin Sandland

中图分类号:

P931.3

李健英;常学礼*;蔡明玉;张继平;宋彦华. 科尔沁沙地土地沙漠化与景观结构变化的关系分析[J]. 中国沙漠, 2008, 28(4): 622-626.

LI Jian-ying;CHANG Xue-li;CAI Ming-yu;ZHANG Ji-ping;SONG Yan-hua. Analysis of Relationship between Desertification and Landscape Structure Changes in Horqin Sandland[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2008, 28(4): 622-626.

参考文献

[1]邬建围.景观生态学——格局、过程、尺度与等级[M].北京:高等教育出版杜,2000.
[2]肖笃宁,李秀珍.景观生态学[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[3]王春燕,李正平,赵陆强,等.兰州市南北两山绿地景观格局分析[J].中国沙漠,2006,26(4):604-607.
[4]李哈滨,王政权,王庆成.空间异质性定量研究理论与方法[J].应用生态学报,1998,9(6):651-657.
[5]董玉祥.我国半干旱地区现代沙漠化驱动因素的定量辩识[J].中国沙漠,2001,21(4):412-417.
[6]张永民,赵士洞.生态保护背景下奈曼旗土地利用与景观格局变化[J].资源科学,2003,25(6):43-51.
[7]赵杰,赵士洞.基于RS、GIS的奈曼旗土地覆盖/利用变化研究[J].干旱区地理,2004,27(3):415-418.
[8]贡璐,王宏卫,鲍平勇,等.塔里木河上游典型绿洲景观变化及其生态效应分析[J].中国沙漠,2006,26(3):421-425.
[9]常学礼,高玉葆.区域沙漠化研究中的沙漠化数量表征[J].中国沙漠,2003,23(2):106-110.
[10]常学礼,赵学勇,韩珍喜,等.科尔沁沙地自然与人为因素对沙漠化影响的累加效应分析[J].中国沙漠,2005,25(4):466-471.
[11]宋广智.兴隆沼的可持续发展之路[J].中国沙漠,1999,19(Supp.1):146-148.
[12]王涛,吴薇,赵哈林,等.科尔沁地区现代沙漠化过程的驱动因素分析[J].中国沙漠,2004,24(5):519-528.
[13]Peilgen E J,Saripe D.The Sciences of Fractal Images [M].New York,USA:Springer-Verlag,1988:312.
[14]Burrough P A.Fractal dimensions of landscapes and other environmental data[J].Nature, 1981,29:240-242.
[15]赵哈林,苏永中,周瑞莲.我国北方沙区退化植被的恢复机理[J].中国沙漠,2006,26(3):323-328.
[16]邬建国. 景观生态学——概念与理论[J].生态学杂志,2000,19(1):42-52.
[17]王继和,马全林,刘虎俊,等.干旱区沙漠化土地逆转植被的防风固沙效益研究[J].中国沙漠,2006,26(6):903-909.
[18]Charney J,Stone P H,Quirk W J. Drought in the Sahara:A biogeophysical feedback mechanism[J].Science,New Series,1975,187(4175):434-435.
[19]Shukla J,Nobre C,Sellers P.Amazon Deforestation and Climate Change[J].Science, New Series,1990,247,(4948):1322-1325.
[20]Jackson R D,Sherwood B,Otterman I J.Surface albedo and desertification[J].Science, New Series,1975,189(4207):1012-1015.
[21]Kedar E Y,Otterman J.No desertification mechanism[J].Science,New Series,1976,194,(4266):747-749.
[22]Norman C.The dark side of SDI [J].Science,New Series,1987,235(4792):962-963.
[23]Daily G C.Restoring value to the worlds degraded lands[J].Science,New Series,1995,269,(5222):350-354.
[24]Tucker C J,Dregne H E,Newcomb W W.Expansion and contraction of the Sahara Desert from 1980 to 1990[J].Science,New Series,1991,253(5017):299-301.