塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地沙尘暴过程大气颗粒物浓度及影响因素分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用Grimm1.108、Thermo RP 1400a、TSP以及CAWS-600等仪器,对2008年4月17日至23日发生在塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地的1次强沙尘暴过程的颗粒物质量浓度进行连续观测,结合天气资料分析得出:①Grimm1.108颗粒物分析仪监测结果表明,日平均浓度出现两个峰值区,主峰值出现在20日,次峰值出现在18日,而小时平均浓度高值区主要集中4月19日至20日,21日中午存在1个峰值区,其他时段浓度相对较低。②强沙尘暴发生时的分钟观测数据表明,随着风速的逐渐增强,沙尘暴强度逐渐增强,不同粒径颗粒物浓度达到最大值,>0.23 μm颗粒物总浓度为39 496.5 μg·m-3,>20.0 μm颗粒物总浓度为5 390.7 μg·m-3,随后浓度逐渐下降。③PM10和TSP的浓度变化同样反映沙尘天气的过程和强度,沙尘暴前期大气中颗粒物浓度远低于强沙尘暴期间,随沙尘天气减弱,颗粒物浓度明显下降。④沙尘天气过程中大气颗粒物浓度变化具有以下规律：晴天<浮尘天气<浮尘、扬沙天气<沙尘暴天气。风速大小直接影响大气中颗粒物浓度,风速越大颗粒物浓度越高。气温、相对湿度和气压是影响沙尘暴强度的重要因素,也间接影响大气中颗粒物浓度的变化。

关键词: 大气颗粒物, 质量浓度, 影响因素, 沙尘暴, 塔克拉玛干沙漠

Abstract: The mass concentration of atmospheric particulate matter during a sandstorm process happed from April 17th to 23rd in the Taklimakan desert hinterland was observed continuously with instruments of Grimm1.108, Thermo RP 1 400 a, TSP, and CAWS-600 at the Tazhong Desert Atmosphere and Environment Observation Experiment. (1) Results showed that there were two peak values of daily average concentration observed by Grimm1.108, and the main peak appeared on April 20th, the second peak appeared on April 18th. The high value of daily average concentration appeared mainly from April 19th to 20th, and there was a single peak value in the afternoon of April 21st, and the concentration was comparatively lower in the other period of the period. (2) The intensity of the sandstorm enhanced with the increase of wind speed, and the mass concentration of atmospheric particulate matter gradually increased, reaching the maximum at a curtain time, then the mass concentration decreased. The maximum total mass concentration was 39 496.5 μg·m-3 at atmospheric particulate matter larger than 0.23 μm, and 5 390.7 μg·m-3 at larger than 20.0 μm. (3) The changes of PM10 and TSP concentration reflected the changes of sandstorm process and intensity. The mass concentration of atmospheric particulate matter during the initial stage of sandstorm was lower than that during the middle period of sandstorm. The mass concentration decreased with the weakening of sandstorm. (4) The mass concentration changed with the sandstorm course, and the order of particulate matter concentration in different weather was sunshine<floating dust<blowing dust<sandstorm. The mass concentration was directly related to the wind speed, and the bigger wind speed, the higher mass concentration. Air temperature, humidity and pressure were the most important factors affecting the intensity of sandstorm, and they also indirectly affect the mass concentration of atmospheric particulate matter.

Key words: atmospheric particulate matter, mass concentration, sandstorm, influencing factors, Taklimakan Desert

中图分类号:

P445.4

刘新春;;钟玉婷;何清;艾力·买买提明;. 塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地沙尘暴过程大气颗粒物浓度及影响因素分析[J]. 中国沙漠, 2011, 31(6): 1548-1553.

LIU Xin-chun;;ZHONG Yu-ting;HE Qing;ALI Mamtimin;. Analysis on Mass Concentration of Atmospheric Particulate Matter and its Influencing Factors in Sandstorm Process in the Taklimakan Desert Hinterland[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2011, 31(6): 1548-1553.

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