1960—2004年新疆地区地表水热过程的数值模拟研究
Ⅰ. 以观测资料为基础的陆面过程模型大气驱动场的发展

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 近20 a来,中国西北地区尤其是新疆降水显著增加、温度持续上升,冰川萎缩、冰川融水量持续增加、河川径流量增加、湖泊水位上升面积扩大、植被覆盖有增加迹象等等,这些事实都充分说明该地区的气候水文过程正在发生着重大的变化,但目前由于与水热过程有关的各个分量,如潜热、感热、蒸散、土壤湿度和径流等变量都缺少长时间、大范围的观测数据,因此,现有的研究还不能从整体上认识西北地区水热过程在全球增暖大背景下的变化特征和规律,无法客观地估算该地区水热过程的可能变化趋势。为了能够进一步深入研究这个问题,我们考虑以新疆地区108站1960—2004年气象站的观测数据为基础,并结合其他大气驱动场中结果检验的辐射数据来建立了一个长达45 a,时间分辨率3 h,空间分辨率0.5°×0.5°针对新疆区域的陆面模型大气驱动场,主要的变量包括降水、气温、风速、气压、比湿和辐射。最后得到的产品能够提供一个长期的、区域内具有良好均一性的近地面气象变量数据集,它可以用于驱动陆面、水文、生态过程模式,为研究整个新疆地区年际、年代际,甚至月季到日的连续水热过程变化奠定坚实的基础,并可以作为评估耦合模型以及其他陆面预测计划的初始化条件。

关键词: 新疆, 陆面过程模型, 大气驱动场, 数值模拟

Abstract: Large-scale, long-term historical data sets of land surface water and energy fluxes can help us understand global and regional environmental system and interactions with human activities, especially climate change in the distant future. In the past two decades, the climate change in northwest China, especially in Xinjiang was characterized by increasing precipitation, rising air temperature, melting glacier, increasing runoff, enlarging lake area, etc, which illuminated that there were significant changes in the climatic and hydrological processes, but the lack of long-term and large-scale historical records of the land surface water and energy budgets made us not be sure about the characteristics of water and energy process. Modeling can provide consistent fields of land surface fluxes and states. In this paper we describes the construction process of 3-hour, 0.5°×0.5° resolution forcing dataset of 45-year meteorological data for whole Xinjiang that can be used to drive land surface models. The data sets include precipitation, air temperature, wind speed, specific humidity, air pressure and surface downward solar radiation. The final product can provide a long-term, consistent dataset of near-surface meteorological variables that can be used to drive terrestrial hydrological and ecological process models and lay a foundation for the study of monthly, seasonal, annual and decadal changes of water and energy processes and for the evaluation of coupled models and other land surface prediction schemes.

Key words: Xinjiang, land surface model, atmospheric forcing field, simulation

中图分类号:

刘波, 马柱国, 冯锦明. 1960—2004年新疆地区地表水热过程的数值模拟研究
Ⅰ. 以观测资料为基础的陆面过程模型大气驱动场的发展[J]. 中国沙漠, 2012, 32(2): 491-502.

LIU Bo, MA Zhu-guo, FENG Jin-ming. Simulation of Land Surface Water and Energy Budget from 1960 to 2004 in Xinjiang, China
Part Ⅰ: Development of forcing data set with observational meteorological data[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2012, 32(2): 491-502.

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