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中国沙漠 ›› 2012, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 1426-1441.

• 生态经济 • 上一篇    下一篇

近55 a来黑河流域绿洲演变特征的初步研究

廖 杰1,2, 王 涛1*, 薛 娴1   

  1. 1.中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 沙漠与沙漠化重点实验室, 甘肃 兰州 730000;
    2.中国科学院研究生院, 北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2012-02-24 修回日期:2012-04-14 出版日期:2012-09-20 发布日期:2012-09-20

Oasis Evolution in the Heihe River Basin during 1956—2010

LIAO Jie1,2, WANG Tao1, XUE Xian1   

  1. 1.Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;
    2.Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Received:2012-02-24 Revised:2012-04-14 Online:2012-09-20 Published:2012-09-20

摘要: 以航空照片(1956年)、Landsat MSS影像(1975年)、TM和ETM+影像(1990、2000、2005、2010年)为基础数据源,提取了黑河流域近55 a来的绿洲演变信息,并对绿洲演变的驱动力做了初步分析。研究结果表明:①研究区绿洲在1956—1975年间呈萎缩状态,1975—2010年间均呈扩张状态,并在2010年达到8 137.89 km2,整个绿洲扩张期间,2000年前的增长较平稳,2000年后增长较快;②绿洲内部的土地利用类型以耕地和林地所占比例最大,合占绿洲总面积的90%左右,1975年后耕地成为绿洲中比重最大的土地类型,约占60%;③研究时段内耕地和城镇居民地的变化相对平稳,多为单向转入,而林地、水域的变化相对剧烈,双向转换频繁;④关于绿洲演变驱动力的初步研究表明,自然和人为因素的共同作用影响了水资源的时空分布变化,并决定了绿洲演变的方向和特征,但是其机制还需在今后开展更深入的研究。

关键词: 黑河流域, 绿洲演变, 遥感方法, 驱动力分析

Abstract: Taking the aerial photographs (1956) and Landsat MSS (1975), TM & ETM+ (1990, 2000, 2005 and 2010) satellite images as the basic data sources, we extracted the information on oasis area and distribution in the Heihe River basin during 1956-2010, and analyzed the driving forces of oasis development. Results showed that: (1) Oasis shrank from 1956 to 1975 and expanded from 1975 to 2010. The area of oasis increased quickly at a high increase rate after 2000, and reached the top level of 8 137.89 km2 in 2010. (2) Oasis was composed of cropland, forest land, wetland, and settlement land in the study area. The cropland together with the forest land occupied about 90% of the oasis, and the cropland took the largest proportion after the year of 1975, which occupied about 60% of the oasis area. (3) Cropland, settlement land expanded gently, but forest land and wetland had an acute change, they expanded and shrank frequently. (4) The natural factors, including arid climate and hydrologic condition, together with the human factors, including population growth, water resources utilization and policy shift, decided the distribution of water resource, and which had a decisive effect on oasis development.

Key words: Heihe River basin, oasis development, remote sensing, driving force

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