塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地近地层湍流能谱特征分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地近地层湍流观测资料,计算并分析了不同稳定层结条件的湍流速度谱、温度谱及局地各向同性特征。结果表明,湍流速度谱和温度谱在惯性副区均满足Kolmogorov的-2/3指数规律,且稳定条件的相关系数更高;速度谱满足湍流各向同性的低频限制理论。近中性条件的温度谱和弱不稳定条件的速度谱在高频段有尾部上翘现象;稳定情况下的v谱和近中性条件的u谱、T谱在低频处也有上翘现象。沙漠腹地水平湍流尺度范围介于森林和草地之间,不稳定层结比稳定层结的谱峰更偏向低频端,且峰值尺度更大。

关键词: 塔克拉玛干沙漠, 沙漠腹地, 湍流谱, 局地各向同性

Abstract:

In different atmospheric stable stratification condition, the turbulence spectral characteristics were calculated and analyzed according to the data obtained at the height of 10 meters over the Taklimakan Desert hinterland. Results indicated that velocity and temperature spectra followed the -2/3 law in the higher frequency while the correlation were closer under the stable atmosphere condition than unstable. The velocity spectra fit lower frequency limit for isotropy. It was found that "v" spectra at the stable, "u" spectra and "T" spectra at near neutral were tail upwarping in low-frequency while velocity spectra at the weak unstable and "T" spectra at near neutral were the same phenomena in high-frequency. The values of horizontal peak wavelength in desert hinterland were between the value in forest and in grassland, the peak frequency values were lower under the unstable condition.

Key words: Taklimakan Desert, desert hinterland, turbulent spectra, local isotropy

中图分类号:

P425.2

温雅婷1,2, 焦冰2, 缪启龙3, 章立标2, 何清1. 塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地近地层湍流能谱特征分析[J]. 中国沙漠, 2012, 32(6): 1716-1722.

WEN Ya-ting1,2, JIAO Bing2, MIAO Qi-long3, ZHANG Li-biao2, HE Qing1. Characteristics of Surface-Layer Turbulence Spectra over the Taklimakan Desert Hinterland[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2012, 32(6): 1716-1722.

参考文献

[1]Kolmogorov A N.The local structure of turbulence in incompressible viscous fluid for very large Reynolds numbers[J].Doklady Akademiia Nauk SSSR,1941,30:301-304.

[2]Monin A S,Obukhov A M.Basic laws of turbulent mixing in the ground layer of the atmosphere[M].Akademiia Nauk USSR Geophysical Instituta Transactions,1954,151:163-18.

[3]Haugen D A,Kaimal J C,Bradley E F.An experimental study of Reynolds stress and heat flux in the atmospheric surface layer[J].Quartery Jounal of the Royal Meteorological Society,1971,97:168-180.

[4]Kaimal J C,Wyngaard J C,Isumi Y,et al.Spectral characteristics of surface-layer turbulence[J].Quartery Jounal of the Royal Meteorological Society,1972,98:563-589.

[5]Caughey S J,Wyngaard J C,Kaimal J C.Turbulence in the evolving stable boundary layer[J].Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,1979,36:1041-1052.

[6]Caughey S J,Palmer S G.Some aspects of turbulence structure through the depth of the convective boundary layer[J].Quartery Jounal of the Royal Meteorological Society,1979,105:811-827.

[7]Kaimal J C.Turbulent spectra,length scales,and structure parameters in the stable surface layer[J].Boundary-Layer Meteorology,1973,4:289-309.

[8]Amiro B D.Drag coefficients and turbulence spectra within three boreal forest canopies[J].Boundary-Layer Meteorology,1990,52:227-246.

[9]刘晓虎,王介民.戈壁地区湍流能量耗散率和温度脉动耗散率[J].高原气象,1992,11(4):344-352.

[10]徐敏,蒋维楣,胡非,等.湍流湿度脉动特性研究——根据淮河流域实验资料[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(1):17-25.

[11]刘树华,刘和平,朱廷曜,等.森林冠层上下湍流谱结构和耗散率[J].中国科学(D辑),1998,28(10):469-480.

[12]刘树华,李洁,刘和平,等.在EBEX-2000实验资料中湍流谱和局地各向同性特征[J].大气科学,2005,29(2):213-224.

[13]卞建春,乔劲松,吕达仁,等.大气近地层湍流能谱特征的再分析[J].大气科学,2002,26(4):474-480.

[14]马晓光,胡非.大气湍流能谱的精细结构及能量级串[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(2):195-199.

[15]倪攀,金昌杰,王安志,等.科尔沁草地不同大气稳定度下湍流特征谱分析[J].生态学杂志,2009,28(12):2495-2502.

[16]Hgstrm U.Analysis of turbulence structure in the surface layer with a modified similarity formulation for near neutral conditions[J].Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,1990,47:1049-1972.

[17]Garratt J R.The Atmospheric Boundary Layer[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1992:71-84.

[18]缪启龙,温雅婷,何清,等.沙漠腹地春夏季近地层大气湍流特征观测分析[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(1):167-174.

[19]温雅婷,缪启龙,何清,等.塔中近地层春夏季湍强和湍能变化的观测研究[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(2):439-444.

[20]Liu S H,Liu HP,Xu M,et al.Turbulence spectra and dissipation rates above and within a forest canopy[J].Boundary-Layer Meteorology,2001,98:83-102.

[21]Kaimal J C,Finnigan J J.Atmospheric Boundary Layer Flows:Their Structure and Measurement[M].New York:Oxford University Press,1994:32-66.

[22]周悦,牛生杰,邱玉珺.半干旱区沙尘天气近地层湍流通量及起沙研究[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(5):1194-1199.

[23]杨胜朋,吕世华,陈玉春,等.绿化对冬季山谷城市边界层结构影响的数值模拟研究[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(3):691-698.

[24]吕萍,董治宝,张正偲,等.腾格里沙漠近地面层风,气温,湿度特征[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(5):977-981.

[25]Wyngaar J C.On Surface Layer Turbulence[M]//Haugen D A,eds.Workshop on Micrometeorelogy.Boston:American Meteorological Society,1973:101-149.

[26]Roth M,Oke T R.Turbulent transfer relationships over an urban surface.I:Spectral Characteristics[J].Quartery Jounal of the Royal Meteorology Society,1993,119:1071-1104.

[27]Kaimal J C,Wyngamrd J C,Isumi Y,et al.Spectral characteristics of surface-layer turbulence[J].Quartery Jounal of the Royal Meteorology,1972,98:563-589.

[28]Semdman-Hgstrm A S.Temperature and humidity spectra in the atmospheric surface layer[J].Boundary-Layer Meteorology,1973,3:329-347.

[29]Cava D.Giostra U,Tagliazucca M.Spectral maxima in a perturbed stable boundary layer[J].Boundary-Layer Meteorology,2001,100:421-437.

[30]Hgstrm U,Hunt J C R,Smedman A S.Theory and measurements for turbulence spectra and variances in the atmospheric neutral surface layer[J].Boundary-Layer Meteorology,2002,103:101-124.