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中国沙漠 ›› 2020, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 61-70.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2020.00066

• • 上一篇    下一篇

1960—2019年甘肃大气水更新与地面降水空间分布的关系

尹宪志1(), 王毅荣1(), 罗汉1, 任余龙2, 王田田1, 王研峰1   

  1. 1.甘肃省人工影响天气办公室,甘肃 兰州 730020
    2.中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所,甘肃 兰州 730020
  • 收稿日期:2020-04-24 修回日期:2020-06-09 出版日期:2020-12-09 发布日期:2020-12-09
  • 通讯作者: 王毅荣
  • 作者简介:王毅荣(E-mail: werice@163.com
    尹宪志(1964—),男,甘肃陇南人,正研级高工,主要从事气候资源开发及应用研究。E-mail: lbz319@aliyun.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国气象局西北区域人工影响天气能力建设研究试验项目(RYSY201901);甘肃省气象局创新团队项目(GSQXCXTD-2019-02);甘肃省气象局科学研究项目(Zcms2019-25);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0104)

The relationship between atmospheric water renewal and the spatial distribution of surface precipitation in Gansu Province from 1960 to 2019

Xianzhi Yin1(), Yirong Wang1(), Han Luo1, Yulong Ren2, Tiantian Wang1, Yanfeng Wang1   

  1. 1.Gansu Weather Modification Office,Lanzhou 730020,China
    2.Institute of Arid Meteorology,China Meteorology Administration,Lanzhou 730020,China
  • Received:2020-04-24 Revised:2020-06-09 Online:2020-12-09 Published:2020-12-09
  • Contact: Yirong Wang

摘要:

利用1960—2019年水汽压资料和2013—2019年逐6 h的ECWMF(欧洲中期数值预报中心)再分析资料,分析甘肃区域空中水汽与水凝物的空间分布状况,诊断其输送、更新周期及降水效率等特征,为人工增雨提供依据。结果表明:(1)甘肃大气常态储水年总量(年内逐日累计)约4×1015 kg,其中水凝物约4.5×1014 kg,空中云水含量约3×1014 kg,水汽凝结效率为11.8%,总水物质降水效率为4.1%,水汽降水效率为4.0%,水凝物降水效率为35.1%;年度水汽输入为3.79×1015 kg,输出为3.89×1015 kg,净输出9.77×1013 kg,水凝物输入为1.24×1014 kg,输出为1.39×1014 kg,净输出1.47×1013 kg。(2)年内水汽和水凝物输送西多东少,水凝物除祁连山区外全省以净输出为主,水汽、水凝物除祁连山区和西秦岭山区外全省以净输出为主,祁连山区域水汽输送量远大于水凝物瞬时存量。(3)水汽年内逐日输送强度呈明显的单峰形式,单日最大输送与最小之间相差10倍以上,高输送阶段集中在6—9月(输送量占全年55.4%);水汽日输入与输出变化几乎一致,准周期振荡显著。(4)水汽和水凝物更新周期空间变化趋势和水汽非常相似,由河西向东递减,河西西部水汽循环最慢(超过50 d),东部及南部水汽循环较快(8 d左右),水凝物的更新速度明显快于水汽(最快约4 h)。(5)甘肃区域水汽气候演变具有较高的区域一致性,年际变幅较小、大气云水资源量相对稳定,为开发利用大气水资源提供可行性;河东是水汽气候变化敏感区,祁连山区相对稳定丰水汽区,年际和年内振荡周期演变特点,有利于人工增雨作业。

关键词: 大气水, 更新, 降水格局, 关系, 甘肃

Abstract:

Usingthe water vapor pressure data from 1960 to 2019 and the 6-hour ECWMF reanalysis data from 2013 to 2019, the characteristics of the spatial distribution of water vapor and water condensate in the Gansu were analyzed, and the transmission, renewal cycle and precipitation efficiency of water vapor and water condensate were also diagnosed. Furthermore, the causes of the spatial distribution pattern of precipitation in Gansu were analyzed to provide the basis for seeking the sensitive areas and time periods for artificial rainfall enhancement. The results show that: (1) The annual total amount of atmospheric water storage in Gansu (accumulated daily during the year) was about 4×1015 kg, of which the atmospheric water condensate was about 4.5×1014 kg, the cloud water content was about 3×1014 kg, and the water vapor condensation efficiency was 11.8 %. The total water substance precipitation efficiency was 4.1%, water vapor precipitation efficiency was 4.0%, and water condensate precipitation efficiency was 35.1%. The annual water vapor input was 3.79×1015 kg, output was 3.89×1015 kg, net output was 9.77×1013 kg, water condensate input was 1.24×1014 kg, the output was 1.39×1014 kg, and the net output was 1.47×1013 kg. (2) During a year, water vapor and water condensate transmission were larger in the west Gansu than in the east Gansu. The water condensate was net output in the total province except in Qilian Mountains, and water vapor was net output in the total province except Qilian Mountains and West Qinling Mountains. The water vapor transmission in the Qilian Mountains was much larger than its instantaneous stock. (3) The daily transmission intensity of water vapor obviously showed a single peak, and the difference between the maximum and minimum transmission of a single day was more than 10 times, and the high transmission phase was concentrated in June-September (the transportation volume accounts for 55.4% of the year). The daily input and output of water vaper show quasi-periodic oscillation. (4) The spatial change trend of water vapor and condensate renewal cycle was very similar to that of water vapor, which decreased from west Gansu to east Gansu. The water vapor recycle period in the west Hexi was over 50 days, and the water vapor recycle period in the east Gansu and south Gansu was about 8 days. The renewal rate of condensate was greater than that of water vapor (the fastest was about 4 h). (5) The evolution of water vapor in Gansu had a high regional consistency, the interannual variability was small, and the amount of atmospheric cloud water resources was relatively stable, providing feasibility for utilization of atmospheric water resources. Hedong region was sensitive of climate change for water vapor, and Qilian Mountains was relatively stable and rich in water vapor. The characteristics of the interannual and intraannual oscillation evolution was helpful for artificial rain enhancement operation.

Key words: atmospheric water resources, renewal, precipitation distribution, relationship, Gansu

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