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中国沙漠 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 142-154.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2024.00106

• • 上一篇    

哈密市典型煤矿区重金属污染特征、生态风险评价及来源解析

李泽龙1,2(), 汪亘1(), 王永莉3, 魏志福1, 张婷1, 马雪云1, 张小梅1,2, 陈建珍1,2, 吴保祥1, 吴应琴1, 秦小光3   

  1. 1.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 甘肃省油气资源勘探与评价重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730000
    2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
    3.中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 岩石圈演化与环境演变全国重点实验室,北京 100029
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-17 修回日期:2024-11-27 出版日期:2025-03-20 发布日期:2025-01-13
  • 通讯作者: 汪亘
  • 作者简介:李泽龙(1999—),男,甘肃庆阳人,硕士研究生,研究方向为环境/有机地球化学。E-mail: lizelong22@mails.ucas.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2021xjkk1103);中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(2021425)

Pollution characteristicsecological risk assessmentand source analysis of heavy metals in the coal mining areas of HamiXinjiangChina

Zelong Li1,2(), Gen Wang1(), Yongli Wang3, Zhifu Wei1, Ting Zhang1, Xueyun Ma1, Xiaomei Zhang1,2, Jianzhen Chen1,2, Baoxiang Wu1, Yingqin Wu1, Xiaoguang Qin3   

  1. 1.Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Exploration and Evaluation,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    2.University of Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100049,China
    3.State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric and Environmental Coevolution,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China
  • Received:2024-10-17 Revised:2024-11-27 Online:2025-03-20 Published:2025-01-13
  • Contact: Gen Wang

摘要:

能源矿产资源的开发对区域生态环境通常造成不同程度污染,探明典型煤矿区重金属污染状况及其来源,可为区域土壤污染防治和绿色矿山建设提供有效建议。对哈密市典型煤矿区及周边水体、植被和土壤砷(As)、镉(Cd)、钴(Co)、铬(Cr)、铜(Cu)、锰(Mn)、镍(Ni)、铅(Pb)、锌(Zn)、铁(Fe)含量进行测定,系统分析重金属含量特征和空间分布规律,基于单因子污染指数、内梅罗综合污染指数、地累积指数和潜在生态风险指数分析哈密市典型煤矿区土壤重金属污染程度和潜在生态风险,并采用多元分析方法和正定矩阵因子分解受体模型(PMF)定量识别土壤重金属可能的污染来源。结果表明:研究区重金属元素存在不同程度累积和富集,在各个矿区分布极不均匀。单因子污染指数和内梅罗综合污染指数表明研究区As、Cu、Zn富集程度最高,地累积指数表明所有元素基本处于未污染水平,As、Co、Cu是研究区生态风险的主导因子,3种元素累积风险贡献率大于77%;多元分析和PMF定量源分析结果显示研究区重金属主要来源(贡献率)为交通运输和自然来源混合源(34.57%)、工业排放源(18.39%)、与成土母质相关的自然来源(18.24%)、交通运输源(16.67%)、煤矿开采源(12.13%)。

关键词: 能源矿产开发, 重金属, 污染特征, 生态风险, 来源解析

Abstract:

The development of energy and mineral resources often leads to varying degrees of pollution in the regional ecological environment. Evaluating the status and sources of heavy metal pollution in typical coal mining areas can provide valuable insights for soil pollution prevention and the construction of green mines. This study measured the concentrations of ten metal elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe) in water, vegetation and soil samples collected from typical coal mining areas and their surrounding regions in Hami. The spatial distribution and concentration levels of these metals were systematically analyzed using pollution indexes, the Nemerow Integrated Pollution Index, the Geo-accumulation Index and the Potential Ecological Risk Index. This study assessed the degree of heavy metal pollution and potential ecological risk in the soil of the typical coal mining area in the Hami. Multivariate analysis and the postive matrix factorization (PMF) model were used to identify potential pollution sources of soil heavy metal pollution. The results indicated that the enrichment of heavy metals varied across different mining areast. The pollution indexes and Nemerow Integrated Pollution Index revealed that As, Cu and Zn had the highest levels of enrichment in the study area. According to the Geo-accumulation Index, all the elements were generally at the unpolluted level. Additionally, our results implied that As, Co and Cu were the dominant contributors to ecological risk in the region, accounting for over 77% of the total cumulative risk. Multivariate analysis and the PMF model identified the primary sources of soil heavy metals as a mix of natural factors and transportation (34.57%), industrial discharge (18.39%), soil-forming parent materials (18.24%), transportation (16.67%) and mining activities (12.13%).

Key words: energy and mineral exploitation, heavy metals, pollution characteristics, ecological risk, source analysis

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