中国西北荒漠区藻结皮覆盖下土壤有机碳垂直分布特征及其影响因素

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00036

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

西北荒漠区作为中国典型的生态脆弱区，藻结皮在其中扮演着重要的固碳角色，对维持区域碳平衡和生态功能具有重要意义。然而，目前关于西北荒漠区藻结皮覆盖下土壤有机碳（SOC），特别是其组分颗粒态有机碳（POC）和矿物结合态有机碳（MAOC）含量的垂直分布特征，以及关键影响因素仍缺乏明确的认识。本研究通过测定西北荒漠区藻结皮覆盖下0~2、2~5、5~10、10~20 cm土层SOC、POC和MAOC含量，并以裸沙为对照，结合相关影响因子，阐明SOC组分垂直分布特征及影响因素。结果表明：藻结皮SOC、POC和MAOC含量在各土层均高于裸沙，其中，SOC组分在0~2 cm土层差异尤为显著。藻结皮的POC和MAOC含量随土层深度增加而降低，POC含量由结皮层的3.83 g·kg^-1降至10~20 cm土层的2.37 g·kg^-1，MAOC含量则从2.97 g·kg^-1降至0.95 g·kg^-1。在藻结皮和裸沙中，POC含量占比均高于MAOC含量占比；裸沙POC含量占比高于藻结皮，而藻结皮的SOC稳定性则高于裸沙。相关性分析表明，藻结皮与裸沙POC和MAOC含量受气候因子与土壤理化性质的综合影响，其中，SOC组分含量与全氮、铵态氮和速效磷含量显著正相关，而与pH和年均气温显著负相关。此外，年均气温和年均降水量是预测POC和MAOC含量的重要因素，其中年均气温对藻结皮POC含量预测的贡献度高达45.50%。本研究揭示了藻结皮在中国西北荒漠区的固碳作用，可为干旱区碳储量评估与碳汇管理提供科学依据。

关键词: 藻结皮, 颗粒态有机碳, 矿物结合态有机碳, 土壤理化性质, 荒漠生态系统

Abstract:

The Northwest desert region of China， as a typical ecologically fragile area， where cyanobacterial crust plays cyanobacterial crust playing a crucial carbon-sequestration role， significantly maintaining regional carbon balance and ecological function. Nevertheless， the vertical distribution characteristics of soil organic carbon （SOC） under cyanobacterial crust， especially its fractions （particulate organic carbon （POC） and mineral-associated organic carbon （MAOC）） and their key influencing factors in this region， are not yet clearly understood. This study measured the SOC， POC， and MAOC content in the 0-2， 2-5， 5-10， and 10-20 cm soil depths under cyanobacterial crust in the Northwest desert region， used bare sand as a control， and combined with relevant influencing factors， to clarify the vertical distribution characteristics of SOC components and their influencing factors. The results showed that the SOC， POC， and MAOC content of cyanobacterial crust in each soil depth were higher than those of bare sand， with the most significant differences in the 0-2 cm soil depth. In cyanobacterial crusts， the content of POC and MAOC decreases with soil depth. POC content decreased from 3.83 g·kg⁻¹ at the crust layer to 2.37 g·kg⁻¹ in the 10-20 cm soil depth， and the MAOC content decreased from 2.97 g·kg⁻¹ to 0.95 g·kg⁻¹. In both cyanobacterial crust and bare sand， the proportion of POC content was higher than that of MAOC. The proportion of POC content in bare sand was higher than that in cyanobacterial crust， while the SOC stability of cyanobacterial crust was higher than that of bare sand. Correlation analysis showed that the POC and MAOC content of cyanobacterial crust and bare sand were affected by a combination of climatic factors and soil physicochemical characteristics. In the case of soil organic carbon fractions， they had a significantly positive correlation with total nitrogen， ammonium nitrogen， and available phosphorus， but a significantly negative correlation with pH and mean annual temperature. In addition， mean annual temperature and precipitation were important factors for predicting POC and MAOC content， with mean annual temperature alone contributing 45.50% to predicting POC content in cyanobacterial crusts. This study reveals the carbon-sequestration role of cyanobacterial crust in the Northwest desert region of China， providing a scientific basis for carbon-stock assessment and carbon-sink management in arid region.

Key words: cyanobacterial crust, particulate organic carbon, mineral-associated organic carbon, soil physicochemical characteristics, desert ecosystem

中图分类号:

S288

杜蕃, 杨军刚, 郭星, 陆永兴, 陶冶, 尹本丰, 荣晓莹, 李永刚, 张元明, 周晓兵. 中国西北荒漠区藻结皮覆盖下土壤有机碳垂直分布特征及其影响因素[J]. 中国沙漠, 2025, 45(3): 175-184.

Fan Du, Jungang Yang, Xing Guo, Yongxing Lu, Ye Tao, Benfeng Yin, Xiaoying Rong, Yonggang Li, Yuanming Zhang, Xiaobing Zhou. Vertical distribution characteristics and influencing factors of soil organic carbon under cyanobacterial crusts in the Northwest desert region of China[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2025, 45(3): 175-184.

图/表 8

图1 中国西北荒漠区采样示意图注：基于自然资源部标准地图服务网站GS（2024）0650号标准地图制作，底图边界无修改

Fig.1 Sampling schematic diagram of the northwest desert region of China

表1 中国西北荒漠区采样点位详细信息

Table 1 Detailed information of sampling sites in the northwest desert region of China

点位	主要沙区	纬度 N/(°)	经度 E/(°)	年均气温 MAT/(℃)	年均降水量 MAP/mm	干旱指数 AI	植被类型
G1	古尔班通古特沙漠	45.30109	87.15127	7.56	162	0.1022	温带矮半乔木/灌木荒漠
G2	古尔班通古特沙漠	45.24653	87.67413	6.86	164	0.1069
G3	古尔班通古特沙漠	45.13156	88.30210	6.11	185	0.1245
G4	古尔班通古特沙漠	44.94260	88.65117	6.68	167	0.1085
G5	库布其沙漠	40.38708	108.63548	7.06	236	0.1479	温带半灌木荒漠
G6	库布其沙漠	40.04151	108.67425	6.60	267	0.1724	温带半灌木荒漠
G7	腾格里沙漠	38.88572	102.72562	7.84	118	0.0704	温带半灌木、矮半灌木荒漠
G8	腾格里沙漠	37.96888	103.37158	8.25	159	0.0998
G9	腾格里沙漠	38.26532	104.05925	8.68	146	0.0882
G10	腾格里沙漠	38.52553	104.97848	8.97	164	0.0956
G11	腾格里沙漠	38.78888	105.46609	8.74	168	0.0973
G12	毛乌素沙地	38.86390	107.91095	7.37	292	0.1908	温带丛生禾草典型草原

表2 西北荒漠区裸沙和藻结皮覆盖下土壤理化性质

Table 2 Soil physicochemical characteristics under bare sand and cyanobacterial crust coverage in the northwest desert region

类型	土层 /cm	酸碱度 pH	电导率 EC /（μS·cm^-1）	全氮 TN /(mg·kg^-1)	硝态氮 NO $3 -$ -N /(mg·kg^-1)	铵态氮 NH $4 +$ -N /(mg·kg^-1)	全磷 TP /(mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 AP /(mg·kg^-1)	土壤含水率SWC /%
裸沙	0~2	8.15±0.09^a	105.91±14.38^a	98.59±19.56^a	12.21±6.93^a	8.78±1.31^a	259.89±53.25^a	3.14±0.45^a	0.12±0.04^b
	2~5	8.22±0.10^a	120.67±34.85^a	94.66±17.73^a	9.82±4.51^a	7.38±1.28^a	243.56±46.20^a	3.20±0.36^a	0.20±0.07^b
	5~10	8.27±0.09^a	90.91±8.53^a	95.14±18.01^a	11.28±7.06^a	6.80±1.21^a	237.19±46.82^a	2.84±0.26^a	0.31±0.09^b
	10~20	8.32±0.09^a	113.14±28.72^a	79.85±11.63^a	11.34±7.60^a	7.53±1.11^a	233.01±42.80^a	2.72±0.25^a	0.84±0.28^a
藻结皮	BSC	7.72±0.09^c	194.91±37.15^a	202.71±30.34^a	10.90±2.79^a	11.43±1.50^a	365.15±43.00^a	3.37±0.40^a	0.18±0.03^a
	0~2	8.14±0.08^b	161.83±50.30^a	147.62±23.26^a	12.11±4.41^a	6.56±1.41^b	282.09±39.65^a	3.18±0.36^a	0.19±0.02^a
	2~5	8.31±0.07^ab	165.78±65.19^a	134.15±23.42^a	12.66±5.73^a	6.15±1.25^b	269.44±41.53^a	3.20±0.33^a	0.34±0.11^a
	5~10	8.44±0.06^a	148.29±54.10^a	125.24±23.03^a	7.84±2.95^a	5.87±1.05^b	245.19±35.44^a	3.13±0.25^a	0.28±0.04^a
	10~20	8.51±0.06^a	136.24±36.39^a	124.15±24.78^a	6.87±2.35^a	6.98±1.25^b	263.09±45.28^a	2.88±0.27^a	0.35±0.08^a

表2 西北荒漠区裸沙和藻结皮覆盖下土壤理化性质

Table 2 Soil physicochemical characteristics under bare sand and cyanobacterial crust coverage in the northwest desert region

类型	土层 /cm	酸碱度 pH	电导率 EC /（μS·cm^-1）	全氮 TN /(mg·kg^-1)	硝态氮 NO $3 -$ -N /(mg·kg^-1)	铵态氮 NH $4 +$ -N /(mg·kg^-1)	全磷 TP /(mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 AP /(mg·kg^-1)	土壤含水率SWC /%
裸沙	0~2	8.15±0.09^a	105.91±14.38^a	98.59±19.56^a	12.21±6.93^a	8.78±1.31^a	259.89±53.25^a	3.14±0.45^a	0.12±0.04^b
	2~5	8.22±0.10^a	120.67±34.85^a	94.66±17.73^a	9.82±4.51^a	7.38±1.28^a	243.56±46.20^a	3.20±0.36^a	0.20±0.07^b
	5~10	8.27±0.09^a	90.91±8.53^a	95.14±18.01^a	11.28±7.06^a	6.80±1.21^a	237.19±46.82^a	2.84±0.26^a	0.31±0.09^b
	10~20	8.32±0.09^a	113.14±28.72^a	79.85±11.63^a	11.34±7.60^a	7.53±1.11^a	233.01±42.80^a	2.72±0.25^a	0.84±0.28^a
藻结皮	BSC	7.72±0.09^c	194.91±37.15^a	202.71±30.34^a	10.90±2.79^a	11.43±1.50^a	365.15±43.00^a	3.37±0.40^a	0.18±0.03^a
	0~2	8.14±0.08^b	161.83±50.30^a	147.62±23.26^a	12.11±4.41^a	6.56±1.41^b	282.09±39.65^a	3.18±0.36^a	0.19±0.02^a
	2~5	8.31±0.07^ab	165.78±65.19^a	134.15±23.42^a	12.66±5.73^a	6.15±1.25^b	269.44±41.53^a	3.20±0.33^a	0.34±0.11^a
	5~10	8.44±0.06^a	148.29±54.10^a	125.24±23.03^a	7.84±2.95^a	5.87±1.05^b	245.19±35.44^a	3.13±0.25^a	0.28±0.04^a
	10~20	8.51±0.06^a	136.24±36.39^a	124.15±24.78^a	6.87±2.35^a	6.98±1.25^b	263.09±45.28^a	2.88±0.27^a	0.35±0.08^a

表3 覆盖类型和土层深度对SOC组分以及土壤理化性质影响的双因素方差分析（ F 值）

Table 3 Two-way ANOVA of the effects of cover type and soil depth on soil organic carbon fractions and soil physicochemical characteristics （ F-Values）

指标

有机碳

SOC

颗粒态有机碳

POC

矿物结合态有机碳

MAOC

酸碱度

电导率

全氮

硝态氮

NO $3 -$ -N

铵态氮

NH $4 +$ -N

全磷

速效磷

含水量

SWC

表3 覆盖类型和土层深度对SOC组分以及土壤理化性质影响的双因素方差分析（ F 值）

Table 3 Two-way ANOVA of the effects of cover type and soil depth on soil organic carbon fractions and soil physicochemical characteristics （ F-Values）

指标

有机碳

SOC

颗粒态有机碳

POC

矿物结合态有机碳

MAOC

酸碱度

电导率

全氮

硝态氮

NO $3 -$ -N

铵态氮

NH $4 +$ -N

全磷

速效磷

含水量

SWC

覆盖类型

16.41^***

7.94^**

26.02^***

3.63

2.52

6.93^*

0.12

1.88

0.48

0.27

1.00

土层深度

6.56^***

2.25

11.99^***

15.13^***

0.31

2.28

0.12

3.46^*

1.16

0.59

4.33^**

覆盖类型×土层深度

0.38

0.17

0.58

0.66

0.08

0.07

0.20

0.16

0.02

0.08

3.21^*

图2 裸沙和藻结皮覆盖下不同土层SOC、POC和MAOC含量分布特征注：不同小写字母表示同一类型下不同土层间差异显著（P<0.05）；*表示具有显著差异（P<0.05），**表示较显著差异（P<0.01），***表示极显著差异（P<0.001）；图中误差线为标准误，n=12

Fig.2 Distribution characteristics of SOC， POC， and MAOC content in different soil depths under bare sand and cyanobacterial crust

图3 裸沙和藻结皮覆盖下POC和MAOC含量占比与稳定性注：不同小写字母表示同一类型下不同土层间差异显著（P<0.05）

Fig.3 Proportions and stability of POC and MAOC under bare sand and cyanobacterial crust

图4 裸沙和藻结皮POC和MAOC与环境因子的相关关系注：热图为各环境因子之间的相关关系，颜色变化代表相关系数大小。连线表明POC或MAOC与各环境因子的相关性，颜色代表显著性（绿色：P<0.01，橙色：0.01<P<0.05，灰色：P>0.05），虚线表示二者呈负相关，实线则为正相关

Fig.4 Correlation between environmental factors and POC and MAOC in bare sand and cyanobacterial crust

图5 随机森林预测影响POC和MAOC含量的关键因子

Fig.5 Random forest model predicts the key factors affecting POC and MAOC content

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