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中国沙漠 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 21-30.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00025

• • 上一篇    下一篇

机织沙障与人工结皮协同增效固沙技术体系——沙坡头模式2.0版

张志山1a,1d(), 赵洋1a,1d, 牛清河1b,1d, 潘颜霞1a,1d, 何明珠1a,1d, 杨荣1c,1d, 郭群2, 屈建军1b,1d, 苏永中1c,1d, 何志斌1c,1d, 赵文智1c,1d, 李新荣1a,1d, 丁永建1e   

  1. 1a.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,沙坡头沙漠研究试验站,甘肃 兰州 730000
    1b.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,敦煌戈壁荒漠生态与环境研究站,甘肃 兰州 730000
    1c.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,临泽内陆河流域研究站,甘肃 兰州 730000
    1d.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,干旱区生态安全与可持续发展全国重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730000
    1e.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,冰冻圈科学与冻土工程全国重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730000
    2.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京 100101
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-21 修回日期:2025-03-10 出版日期:2025-05-20 发布日期:2025-06-30
  • 作者简介:张志山(1974—),男,甘肃古浪人,博士,研究员,主要从事恢复生态学研究。E-mail: zszhang@lzb.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    美丽中国生态文明建设科技工程专项(XDA230602)

Sand-fixing technology system of synergetic weaving sand barrier and artificial biocrustsShapotou Model 2.0

Zhishan Zhang1a,1d(), Yang Zhao1a,1d, Qinghe Niu1b,1d, Yanxia Pan1a,1d, Mingzhu He1a,1d, Rong Yang1c,1d, Qun Guo2, Jianjun Qu1b,1d, Yongzhong Su1c,1d, Zhibin He1c,1d, Wenzhi Zhao1c,1d, Xinrong Li1a,1d, Yongjian Ding1e   

  1. 1a.Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station /, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    1b.Dunhuang Gobi Desert Ecology and Environment Research Station /, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    1c.Linze Inland River Basin Research Station /, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    1d.Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands /, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    1e.Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    2.Institute of Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China
  • Received:2025-01-21 Revised:2025-03-10 Online:2025-05-20 Published:2025-06-30

摘要:

中国荒漠化问题严重,沙漠化对生态安全和社会经济可持续发展构成巨大威胁。针对20世纪50年代形成的包兰铁路固沙防护体系(沙坡头模式1.0版)存在的问题,如机械沙障人工制作成本高、效率低且前期需反复扎设,固沙植物生长迟缓、成效欠佳、稳定性差且前期过度消耗水分,能够稳定沙面的生物土壤结皮形成慢、周期长,以及铁路固沙防护体系质量效益不高等问题,本团队通过长期研究和试验示范,研发了机织沙障与人工结皮协同固沙技术体系(沙坡头模式2.0版)。该模式的核心内容包括阻沙栅栏和大网格高立式阻沙网格技术、草方格沙障机械化制备技术、干旱沙区固沙植物栽植技术、人工生物土壤结皮快繁与固沙技术。该模式在库姆塔格沙漠东缘、巴丹吉林沙漠边缘、腾格里沙漠腹地交通干线等地进行了应用示范,初步结果表明其具有一定的固沙效果。该模式在中国北方沙区及“三北”工程三大标志性战役区域具有潜在的应用价值,可为沙区生态系统的恢复提供技术支持。

关键词: 防沙治沙, 技术体系, 典型案例, 推广潜力

Abstract:

China faces severe desertification challenges, which significantly threaten ecological security and socio-economic sustainability. In response to the issues of the sand-fixing protection system formed along the Baotou-Lanzhou Railway in the 1950s (Shapotou Model 1.0), including the high cost and low efficiency of manual mechanical sand barriers, the slow growth and instability of sand-fixing plants, excessive water consumption in early stages, and the slow formation of biocrusts, our team developed the sand-fixing technology system of synergetic weaving sand barrier and artificial biocrusts (Shapotou Model 2.0) through long-term research and demonstration. The scientific connotation of this model is “Weaving sand barriers, Water-based replanting, Synergetic effects" which includes four core technologies: windbreak fences and large-grid high-standing sand barriers, mechanized weaving technology of grass grid sand barriers, sand-fixing plant planting technology in arid sand areas, and rapid propagation and sand-fixing technology of artificial biocrusts. This model has been applied and demonstrated in areas such as the eastern edge of the Kumtag Desert, the edge of the Badain Jaran Desert, and the interior of the Tengger Desert along transportation lines, have shown promising results. The model is applicable to northern China's sandy areas and the Three-North Shelterbelt Program's key regions, offering potential for ecosystem restoration in desertified areas.

Key words: sand control and desertification prevention, technology system, typical cases, promotion potential

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