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中国沙漠 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 220-230.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00139

• • 上一篇    

河西走廊中部荒漠砾幂优先流特征及其影响因素

曹怡帆1(), 王德金1,2,3(), 杨竟艺4, 何金凯1, 陈静1, 赵臣婷1   

  1. 1.昆明理工大学,现代农业工程学院,云南 昆明 650500
    2.昆明理工大学,季节性旱区水-土-作物系统云南省野外科学观测研究站,云南 昆明 650500
    3.昆明理工大学,智能农业工程技术与装备国际联合实验室,云南 昆明 650500
    4.兰州资源环境职业技术大学 水利工程学院,甘肃 兰州 730021
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-09 修回日期:2025-09-09 出版日期:2025-11-20 发布日期:2025-11-26
  • 通讯作者: 王德金
  • 作者简介:曹怡帆(1998—),男,云南昆明人,硕士研究生,主要从事荒漠生态水文等研究。E-mail: yifanr2025@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(42201036)

Characteristics and influencing factors of the priority flow of desert gravel pavement in the central Hexi Corridor

Yifan Cao1(), Dejin Wang1,2,3(), Jingyi Yang4, Jinkai He1, Jing Chen1, Chenting Zhao1   

  1. 1.School of Modern Agricultural Engineering /, Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China
    2.Yunnan Field Scientific Observatory of Water-Soil-Crop System in Seasonal Dry Areas /, Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China
    3.International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Engineering Technology and Equipment, Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China
    4.School of Water Conservancy Engineering,Lanzhou University of Resources and Environment Technology,Lanzhou 730021,China
  • Received:2025-07-09 Revised:2025-09-09 Online:2025-11-20 Published:2025-11-26
  • Contact: Dejin Wang

摘要:

探究优先流补给规律对维持荒漠砾幂植被发育和区域生态系统稳定性具有重要意义,但其形成机制、运移路径及其生态水文效应尚不明晰。为此,在河西走廊中部临泽绿洲北部的荒漠砾幂区域选取3块样地(分别包括3块平地和洼地),进行土壤剖面调查和染色示踪试验,并结合图像处理技术和Pearson相关性分析方法,分析两种微地貌下优先流特征及其影响因素。结果表明:(1)平地和洼地土壤均为土-砾混合介质,且细土含量较高;相较于洼地,平地地表砾石覆盖度更高,砾幂层更厚,但孔泡层(Av层)厚度却无显著差异;平地表层30 cm土层的总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、饱和含水量和田间持水量均较高,其容重和土壤饱和导水率却较小;(2)平地和洼地的基质流入渗分别为0~2.5 cm和0~4.33 cm,水分运移分别以基质流和优先流为主,优先流比例分别为41.82%±18.44%和58.91%±10.79%,并且洼地的优先流特征参数染色面积比(K)、优先流长度指数(Li )和水分扩散深度(L)均较大。(3)平地Av层厚度限制优先流的产生,而洼地地表砾石覆盖度、粗砾石和砂粒含量显著促进优先流的发育,细砾石和中砾石含量则显著抑制优先流发育。

关键词: 荒漠砾幂, 优先流, 微地貌, Av层, 河西走廊

Abstract:

Exploring the priority flow replenishment pattern is of great significance for maintaining the development of desert gravel area vegetation and the stability of regional ecosystems. However, the formation mechanism, transport path and ecological hydrological effects of this pattern remain unclear. Therefore, three sample plots (each consisting of flat areas and depressions) were selected in the desert gravel area of the northern part of Linze Oasis in the central part of the Hexi Corridor to conduct soil profile investigations and dye-tracing experiments, and combined with image processing technology and Pearson correlation analysis methods to analyze the characteristics of priority flow and its influencing factors in the two types of micro-landforms. (1) The soil profile investigation shows that the soils in both flat areas and depressions are soil-gravel mixed media, with a higher content of fine soil; compared to the depressions, the surface gravel coverage in the flat areas is higher, and the gravel layer is thicker, but there is no significant difference in the thickness of the pore space layer (Av layer); the total porosity, capillary porosity, saturated water content and field capacity water content of the top 30 cm of the flat surface soil layer are all relatively high, while its bulk density and soil saturated water conductivity are relatively low. (2) The dye-tracing experiment shows that the infiltration range of the substrate flow in the flat area is between 0-2.5 cm, and that in the depression is between 0-4.33 cm. The water transport is mainly by substrate flow and priority flow, with the proportion of priority flow being 41.82%±18.44% and 58.91%±10.79% respectively, and the characteristic parameters KLi and L of the priority flow in the depression are larger. (3) Pearson correlation analysis shows that the thickness of the Av layer in the flat area restricts the generation of priority flow, while the surface gravel coverage, coarse gravel and sand particle content in the depression significantly promote the development of priority flow, while the content of fine gravel and medium gravel significantly inhibits the development of priority flow.

Key words: desert pavement, primary flow, micro-geomorphology, Av layer, Hexi Corridor

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