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中国沙漠 ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (6): 237-245.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2023.00095

• • 上一篇    

河西走廊酒泉绿洲农田防护林格局与结构

吕王亦庄1,2(), 赵文智1,2()   

  1. 1.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 中国生态系统研究网络临泽内陆河流域研究站/中国科学院内陆河流域生态水文重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730000
    2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2022-12-03 修回日期:2023-02-20 出版日期:2023-11-20 发布日期:2023-11-30
  • 通讯作者: 赵文智
  • 作者简介:赵文智(E-mail: zhaowzh@lzb.ac.cn
    吕王亦庄(1996—),女,河北石家庄人,硕士研究生,研究方向为生态经济。E-mail: lvwangyizhuang@nieer.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    中国科学院战略性科技先导专项(XDA23060304)

The structure and pattern of farmland shelterbelts in Jiuquan Oasis of Hexi Corridor

Wangyizhuang Lv1,2(), Wenzhi Zhao1,2()   

  1. 1.Chinese Ecosystem Network Research Linze Inland Basin Research Station / Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
  • Received:2022-12-03 Revised:2023-02-20 Online:2023-11-20 Published:2023-11-30
  • Contact: Wenzhi Zhao

摘要:

绿洲农田防护林可以有效保护绿洲免遭风沙危害,但规格过高的防护林体系不仅消耗水资源,而且有胁地和减产等负面作用,因此在景观尺度上研究农田防护林空间格局、带斑比及其结构是建立节水型绿洲的基础。酒泉绿洲位于讨赖河流域中游、河西走廊西段,是典型的干旱区绿洲。本文选择酒泉绿洲为研究对象,围绕基于遥感数据提取绿洲防护体系的数据源选择与提取方法、绿洲农田防护林体系格局及其尺度依赖性、农田防护林结构等科学问题,探讨了利用遥感数据提取农田防护林属性的方法、分析讨赖河中游农田防护林的空间格局和结构。研究表明:(1)使用哨兵-2A遥感影像,利用防护林与农作物生长的物候差异,选择合适时间的遥感数据,可以有效提取农田防护林信息,能够真实全面地反映绿洲农田防护林网的带斑比及其分布状况,计算结果与实地调查相符;(2)讨赖河中游酒泉绿洲农田防护林以新疆杨为主,农田中超过80%的林网带斑比为2.50%~7.50%,具有明显的随尺度变化特征,表现为0.1~10 km内尺度效应明显,10~20 km内随幅度增加尺度效应减弱,当幅度大于20 km时尺度效应逐渐消失;(3)农田防护林平均树高17.5 m,平均胸径25.7 cm,整体以通风结构为主,林网完整度指数普遍小于0.40,缺网断带现象明显,林网完整度较低。

关键词: 农田防护林, 河西走廊, 酒泉绿洲, 林网结构, 尺度效应

Abstract:

Farmland shelterbelts can provide effectively protection for farmlands against wind storms. However, completely constructed shelterbelt systems not only need much water resource, but also have some negative influences like land threaten and yield reduction. Thus, studying the spatial distribution of farmland shelterbelts, its structure, and the ratio of belt to patch at landscape scale is the basis of building water-saving oases. Jiuquan oasis, located in the middle course of Taolai River in western Hexi Corridor, is a typical arid oasis. In this paper, Jiuquan oasis was selected as the research object to study the method of data source selection and oasis protection system extraction based on remote sensing, the pattern and scale dependence of oasis farmland shelterbelts system, farmland shelterbelt structure and some other scientific problems. Then, the method of extracting farmland shelterbelts' attributes from remote sensing was discussed, and the spatial pattern and structure of farmland shelterbelts in the study area was analyzed. The results showed: (1) the Sentinel-2A remote sensing images combined with the phenological difference between shelterbelts and crop could extract farmland shelterbelts effectively, and reflect the ratio of belt to patch and its distribution truly and comprehensively. The calculated results were consistent with the field survey. (2) the farmland shelterbelts in the middle course of Taolai River were dominated by Populus alba var. pyramidalis. More than 80% of farmland shelterbelts had the ratio of belt to patch between 2.50%-7.50% and had obvious scale effect. The scale effect was obvious within 0.1-10 km, and decreased within 10-20 km with the increasing extent, and disappeared gradually when the extent was greater than 20 km. (3) the farmland shelterbelts had an average tree height of 17.5 m and an average DBH of 25.7 cm. The overall shelterbelts were dominated by ventilating structure, and the phenomenon of lacking network and broken belts was obvious. The integrity of shelterbelt networks was low, where the integrity index was below 0.4 generally.

Key words: farmland shelterbelts, Hexi Corridor, Jiuquan oasis, structure of shelterbelts network, scale effect

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