img

官方微信

高级检索

中国沙漠 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 380-390.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00141

• • 上一篇    

宁夏荒漠草原界限及主要生态问题

刘任涛1,2,3(), 程静2,3, 田颖2,3, 安慧1,2,3   

  1. 1.宁夏大学,生态环境学院,宁夏 银川 750021
    2.宁夏大学,西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地,宁夏 银川 750021
    3.宁夏大学,西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室,宁夏 银川 750021
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-30 修回日期:2025-05-24 出版日期:2026-03-20 发布日期:2026-04-13
  • 作者简介:刘任涛(1980—),男,河南南阳人,研究员,主要从事荒漠生态学研究与教学工作。E-mail: liu_rt@nxu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(U25A20765);国家自然科学基金项目(32360318);宁夏科技创新团队项目(2021RXTDLX01);宁夏科技创新团队项目(2024GKLRLX15);宁夏自然科学基金项目(2023AAC01002);宁夏自然科学基金项目(2026AAC02624);中央引导地方科技发展专项(2024YDDF0025)

Geographical boundary of Ningxia desert steppe and its main ecological issues

Rentao Liu1,2,3(), Jing Cheng2,3, Ying Tian2,3, Hui An1,2,3   

  1. 1.School of Ecology and Environment /, . of Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwestern China of Ministry of Education,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China
    2.Breeding Base for State Key Lab. of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwestern China /, . of Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwestern China of Ministry of Education,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China
    3.Key Lab, . of Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwestern China of Ministry of Education,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China
  • Received:2024-12-30 Revised:2025-05-24 Online:2026-03-20 Published:2026-04-13

摘要:

荒漠草原占宁夏草原植被面积的51.4%,是宁夏畜牧业发展和生态屏障建设的重要区域。但是,宁夏荒漠草原准确的地理定位和分布特征尚不明确,主要生态问题尚待全面分析。本研究立足于宁夏荒漠草原自然特点、形成条件和分布特征,将其范围界定为宁夏中部干旱带荒漠草原区和贺兰山山前荒漠草原区,面积分别为1.18×106 hm2和2.55×105 hm2,行政区分别包括10县(区、市)52个乡镇单元和8县(区、市)18个乡镇单元。存在的主要生态问题有:(1)荒漠草原本底脆弱、水资源短缺及时空分布不均匀;(2)草地退化、沙化加剧,放牧利用与生态恢复间矛盾突出;(3)自然灾害、鼠虫害时常发生,自然生态恢复受到严重制约;(4)产业发展加快,土地开发利用与脆弱生态保护间关系不协调。退化的原因主要包括:本底自然条件与环境禀赋较差,盲目开垦与放牧干扰严重,自然灾害预报、防控不及时与鼠虫害管控措施不到位,土地开发利用加剧及恢复与管理不协同等。未来,宁夏荒漠草原生态保护需要加强生态系统长期监测与评估,实施重大生态恢复工程需要科学化、精准化、可持续,需要加强科技创新促进土地利用结构进一步优化,需要总结既有成功实践模式,通过强化法律与政策支持,维护生态恢复保护成果。

关键词: 荒漠草原, 宁夏, 地理界定, 分布范围, 生态问题, 保护对策

Abstract:

The area of desert steppe occupies 51.4% of total steppe regions in Ningxia. It plays vital roles in the development of stock husbandry. However, there was largely unknown about its accurate geographical boundary and distribution of Ningxia desert steppe for long time due to different research objectives and goals. It was a necessity to explore its main ecological issues. Regarding its natural features, forming conditions, and practical distribution, we gave out a clear geographical boundary and distribution of Ningxia desert steppe. It included two areas: arid middle area of Ningxia, and piedmont area of eastern Helan mountain, with the area of 1.18×106 hm2 and 2.55×105 hm2, respectively. The administrative region of both areas occupied 52 towns of 10 counties and 18 towns of 8 counties, respectively. The main ecological issues were found below: (1) drought, and scarce of water resources and their uneven distribution in fragile desert steppe region. (2) Heavy grassland degradation and desertification, and strong conflict between grazing and ecological restoration. (3) frequent occurrences of natural hazard and rodent and insect pests constraining the natural recovery. (4) non-balance between land utilization and ecological protection of fragile ecosystems. The main reasons for these mentioned above were: poor natural conditions and environmental essences, unintended reclamation and overgrazing, delayed forecasting and inadequate prevention of natural disasters, a lack of effective implementation in rodent and insect pest management, and irrational management and utilization. In the future, several considerations for protection of Ningxia desert steppe were followed as below: enhancing ecosystem monitoring and evaluation, initialing precise and sustainable ecological projects, promoting scientific innovation and land use structure, summarizing the successful achievements, and strengthening the support of law and policy, and maintaining the status of fragile ecosystem recovery and conservation.

Key words: desert steppe, Ningxia, geographical boundary, distribution range, ecological issues, protection strategy

中图分类号: