自然湍流下光伏阵列非均匀覆尘机制

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2026.00060

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对中国沙漠、戈壁、荒漠地区光伏阵列频发的风沙覆尘难题，采用大涡模拟（LES）耦合离散相模型（DPM），构建了基于临界捕获速度与近壁采样空间的沙尘沉积判据模型，系统分析了正负倾角工况下光伏阵列的非均匀覆尘分布特征、流场调控机制，并量化了积尘风险与清洁周期。结果表明：所有工况下阵列第二排光伏板均为积尘峰值区，其沉积模式随倾角正负发生完全反转；涡量是全工况下抑制沉积的核心参数，风速、湍流强度与积尘的相关性随来流方向发生完全反转；30°正倾角工况下第二排光伏板为最高风险区。

关键词: 光伏阵列, 沙尘沉积, 流场结构, 倾角, 大涡模拟

Abstract:

To address the frequent problem of sand and dust accumulation on photovoltaic arrays in China's desert， gobi， and arid regions， a dust deposition criterion model based on critical capture velocity and near-wall sampling space was developed by coupling Large Eddy Simulation （LES） with a Discrete Phase Model （DPM）. We systematically analyzed the characteristics of non-uniform dust deposition distribution and the flow field regulation mechanisms in photovoltaic arrays under both positive and negative tilt conditions， and quantified the dust accumulation risk and cleaning cycles. The results indicate that， under all conditions， the second row of PV panels in the array is the peak dust accumulation zone， and its deposition pattern reverses completely depending on whether the tilt angle is positive or negative； vorticity is the core parameter for suppressing deposition across all conditions， while the correlation between wind speed， turbulence intensity， and dust accumulation reverses completely depending on the direction of the incoming flow； under a 30° positive tilt， the second row of PV panels is the highest-risk zone.

Key words: PV array, dust deposition, flow field structure, tilt angle, Large Eddy Simulation

中图分类号:

TK513.5

马高生, 马世豪, 柳本立, 陈敏如, 杨程鹏, 彭怀午. 自然湍流下光伏阵列非均匀覆尘机制[J]. 中国沙漠, 2026, 46(5): 103-112.

Gaosheng Ma, Shihao Ma, Benli Liu, Minru Chen, Chengpeng Yang, Huaiwu Peng. Mechanism of non-uniform dust deposition on photovoltaic arrays under natural turbulent inflow conditions[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2026, 46(5): 103-112.

图/表 12

图1 计算域及建模示意

Fig.1 Computational Domain and Modeling Schematic

图2 临界沉积速度标定

Fig.2 Calibration of critical deposition rate

图3 网格无关性验证

Fig.3 Verification of grid independence

图4 区域划分示意

Fig.4 Schematic of the Zoning

图5 不同倾角下各排光伏板积尘浓度与变异系数

Fig.5 Dust concentration and coefficient of variation for each row of photovoltaic panels at different tilt angles

图6 不同倾角下光伏板纵向（A~D）与横向（E~H）分区积尘浓度分布

Fig.6 Dust concentration distribution in the longitudinal （A-D） and transverse （E-H） zones of photovoltaic panels at different tilt angles

图7 光伏阵列Y截面时间平均流线

Fig.7 Time-averaged streamlines in the Y-section of a photovoltaic array

图8 各变量与积尘浓度的相关性

Fig.8 Correlation between variables and concentration

图9 不同工况高低积尘浓度区风速对比

Fig.9 Comparison of wind speeds in areas with high and low sediment concentrations under different operating conditions

图10 不同工况高低积尘浓度区涡量对比

Fig.10 Comparison of vorticity in zones with high and low sediment concentrations under different operating conditions

图11 不同工况高低积尘浓度区湍流强度对比

Fig.11 Comparison of Turbulence Intensity in Zones with High and Low Sediment Concentrations Under Different Operating Conditions

图12 不同工况高低积尘浓度区压力对比

Fig.12 Comparison of pressure in zones with high and low sediment concentrations under different operating conditions

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