西北东部气候异常特征及其对冬季高原感热的响应

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用1960—2000年西北东部100个测站，经过面积权重区域平均的降水、气温资料，对该区域气候异常进行分析。结果表明：①对异常旱涝年,亚洲西风带环流及西太平洋副热带高压的位置最为关键。异常涝年,亚洲地区经向环流占优势，东亚大槽偏东，西太平洋副热带高压偏北；异常旱年，亚洲地区纬向环流占优势，东亚大槽偏西，西太平洋副热带高压偏南。②对异常冷暖年，极涡、西风带环流以及西太平洋副热带高压的状况最为关键。气温异常偏高年，北半球极涡强度及亚洲极涡强度均偏弱，欧亚地区盛行纬向环流，西太平洋副热带高压面积偏大，强度明显偏强，西伸脊点明显偏西，位置偏北；气温异常偏低年，北半球极涡强度及亚洲极涡强度均偏强，欧亚地区盛行经向环流，西太平洋副热带高压面积偏小，强度明显偏弱，西伸脊点明显偏东，位置偏南。③冬季高原感热与滞后一个季度的夏季降水、气温的相关较春季的相关更好。

关键词: 西北东部, 气候异常, 环流特征, 青藏高原, 感热通量

Abstract: The extreme climate has been studied by area-weighted and area-averaged precipitation and mean temperature measured at 100 observational stations within the East part of the North-West China (ENWC). The results support that it is the most important for the extreme drought and flood in the ENWC that the pattern of Westerly belt circulation over the Asia region and the position of the West Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH) at 500 hPa. During flood years, the meridional circulation predominates over the Asia region, the size of the trough over East Asian is eastward and WPSH is northward. During drought years, zonal circulation predominates over that of the meridian, the size of the trough over East Asian is more westward, WPSH is more southward. The polar vortex and circulation type over the Europe-Asia region are the same important for the cold and warm in the ENWC, as well as the Westerly belt circulation type over the Asia and the West Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH) at 500hPa. During extremely high temperature years, the polar vortex was weaker than normal. Zonal circulation predominates over that of the meridian over the Europe-Asia region. The WPSH is obviously weaker and smaller than the normal; its position is more southward. During extremely low temperature years, the circulation character is opposed to that of the extremely high temperature years. There is a better correlation between the sensible heat flux over Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in winter and the precipitation and temperature in summer within ENWC than that of in spring.

Key words: the East Part of the North-West of China (ENWC), extreme climate, circulation feature, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, sensible heat flux

中图分类号:

Ｐ456.9

赵庆云;张武;唐杰;李栋梁. 西北东部气候异常特征及其对冬季高原感热的响应[J]. 中国沙漠, 2006, 26(3): 415-420.

ZHAO Qing-yun;ZHANG Wu;TANG Jie;LI Dong-liang. Extreme Climate within Eastern Part of Northwest China and Its Response on Sensible Heat over Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2006, 26(3): 415-420.

参考文献

[1]V Storch H, Zwiers F W. Statistical Analysis in Climate Research[M]. Cambridge University Press,1999.34-36.
[2]王守荣，杨昕，达庆利,等.我国气候异常直接经济损失预测模型[J].地理学报，2000，55(增刊):163-168.
[3]屈建军,马立鹏,刘丛. 甘肃省沙漠化现状、成因及其防治对策[J].中国沙漠, 2002,22(5):520-524.
[4]王式功,董光荣,陈惠忠,等.沙尘暴研究的进展[J].中国沙漠, 2000,20(4):349-356.
[5]张平,杨德保,尚可政,等. 2002 年春季中国沙尘天气与物理量场的相关分析[J].中国沙漠, 2003,23(6) :67-680.
[6]郭慧, 王式功, 李栋梁,等.甘肃春季沙尘暴环流特征及其时间尺度诊断分析[J].中国沙漠, 2004,24(5):594-598.
[7]钱正安,宋敏红,李万元. 近50 年来中国北方沙尘暴的分布及变化趋势分析[J].中国沙漠,2002,22(2):106-111.
[8]李栋梁,吕兰芝. 中国农牧交错带的气候特征与演变[J].中国沙漠，2002，22(5):483-488.
[9]孙家民，高歌.气候异常对国民经济影响的综合业务评估系统[J].地理学报，2000，55(增刊):90-97.
[10]段安民，刘屹岷，吴国雄.4~6月青藏高原感热状况与盛夏东亚降水和大气环流的异常[J].中国科学（D辑），2003，33（10）:997－1004.
[11]赵平，陈隆勋.35年来青藏高原大气热源气候特征及其与中国降水的关系[J].中国科学（D辑），2001，31（4），327-332.
[12]李栋梁，魏丽，李维京,等.青藏高原地面感热对北半球大气环流和中国气候异常的影响[J].气候与环境研究，2003，8（1）:60-70.
[13]赵庆云，张武，王式功,等.西北地区东部干旱半干旱区极端降水事件的变化[J].中国沙漠，2005，25（6）:904-909.
[14]白肇烨,等.中国西北天气[M].北京:气象出版社，1988.7－11.
[15]李栋梁，陈丽萍.青藏高原地面加热场强度与东亚环流及西北初夏旱的关系[J].应用气象学报，1990，1（4）:383－391.
[16]张艳，钱永甫.地表感热的时空分布特征及其与邻近海洋海温异常的关系[J].高原气象，2004，23（3）:331-338.