膜果麻黄(Ephedra przewalskii)和白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)幼枝水势及影响因素

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2014.00191

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究干旱环境下植物的水势日变化特征及其与内外因素的相关性,测定了民勤绿洲耐旱植物膜果麻黄(Ephedra przewalskii)和白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)幼枝的水势、含水量及K⁺、Ca²⁺、Na⁺、Mg²⁺含量。结果表明:膜果麻黄和白刺的水势日变化趋势大体呈U型,日最低水势分别为-4.91 MPa和-4.35 MPa。膜果麻黄体内的K⁺和Na⁺含量日变化不显著,而Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺含量变化趋势呈U型; 白刺体内K⁺、Na⁺、Mg²⁺含量日变化明显,基本呈U型,Ca²⁺含量日变化不明显。膜果麻黄水势与光照强度及其体内的Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺含量密切相关; 白刺水势与气温、体内Mg²⁺含量及含水量密切相关。影响这2种植物水势的因子并不完全一样,但Mg²⁺离子对二者的水势均具有显著影响。

关键词: 水势, 膜果麻黄(Ephedra przewalskii), 白刺(Nitraria tangutorum), 阳离子

Abstract:

In order to explore the diurnal variation of water potential of plants in arid area, and the correlation between water potential of plant with external environmental factors and contents of positive ions in plants, water potentials and the contents of four kinds of cations (potassium, calcium, sodium and magnesium ions) in the two drought-endurable plants Ephedra przewalskii and Nitraria tangutorum from the Minqin Oasis were determined and water contents of the two plants and soil water content were measured too. The results showed that diurnal changes of water potential of the two kinds of plants both followed U-shaped curves. Daily minimum values of water potential in E. przewalskii and N. tangutorum plant were -4.91 MPa and -4.35 MPa, respectively. No significant differences were observed on diurnal changes of potassium and sodium contents in E. przewalskii, but the changes of calcium and magnesium contents both showed U types. Diurnal variations of potassium, sodium and magnesium contents were obvious in N. tangutorum, followed U types, and only the change of calcium content was not significant. Regression analysis showed that the change of water potential of E. przewalskii was closely related with its calcium and magnesium contents and light intensity. The water potential of N. tangutorum was well related to magnesium ion and water contents in the plant, and temperature. Regulation factors for water potential of the two kinds of plants were not exactly the same, but the effects of magnesium ion on both water potentials were significant.

Key words: water potential, Ephedra przewalskii, Nitraria tangutorum, cations

中图分类号:

Q945.78

常国华, 陈映全, 高天鹏, 陈明凯, 石晓妮. 膜果麻黄(Ephedra przewalskii)和白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)幼枝水势及影响因素[J]. 中国沙漠, 2015, 35(2): 385-392.

Chang Guohua, Chen Yingquan, Gao Tianpeng, Chen Mingkai, Shi Xiaoni. Sprout Water Potentials and the Influencing Factors in Ephedra przewalskii and Nitraria tangutorum[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2015, 35(2): 385-392.

参考文献

[1] 徐先英,严平,郭树江,等.干旱荒漠区绿洲边缘典型固沙灌木的降水截留特征[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(1):141-145.
[2] 彭鸿嘉,傅伯杰,陈利顶,等.甘肃民勤荒漠区植被演替特征及驱动力研究--以民勤为例[J].中国沙漠,2004,24(5):628-633.
[3] 潘惠霞,程争鸣,王方,等.甘草、麻黄根际土壤微生物的生态分布特性[J].西北植物学报,2003,23(10):1792-1795.
[4] 张金鑫,吴波,朱雅娟,等.民勤白刺枝条形态对人工增雨的响应[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(3):709-716.
[5] 赵多明,李进军,马存世,等.民勤连古城国家级自然保护区白刺种类及实生苗培育技术[J].甘肃农业科技,2010,35(1):80-82.
[6] 于军,周正立,陈加利,等.白刺苗木年生长发育规律的研究[J].西北林学院学报,2009,24(4):85-88.
[7] 斯琴高娃,王天玺,高润宏.阿拉善荒漠几种典型灌木种子水分响应与繁殖对策研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2005,19(7):215-219.
[8] 罗维成,曾凡江,刘波,等.绿洲-沙漠过渡带引种植物光合生理特征研究[J].草业学报,2013,22(2):273-280.
[9] 付爱红,陈亚宁,李卫红,等.干旱、盐胁迫下的植物水势研究与进展[J].中国沙漠,2005,25(5):744-749.
[10] 廖光瑶.SPAC的水势热力学系统[J].四川林业科技,1991,12(1):47-52.
[11] 付爱红,李卫红,陈亚宁,等.极端干旱区胡杨宽卵形叶水分变化影响因子分析[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(1):65-72.
[12] 方向文,李凤民,张海娜,等.树锦鸡儿、柠条锦鸡儿、小叶锦鸡儿和鹰嘴豆干旱适应能力比较[J].生态学报,2011,31(9):2437-2443.
[13] 何炎红,郭连生,田有亮.白刺叶不同水分状况下光合速率及其叶绿素荧光特性的研究[J].西北植物学报,2005,25(11):2226-2233.
[14] 田新民,赵长明,邓建明,等.沿民勤绿洲荒漠过渡带分布的4种优势植物光合生理响应[J].草业学报,2011,20(4):108-115.
[15] 杨颖丽,史如霞,魏学玲,等.NaCl胁迫对唐古特白刺愈伤组织的生理效应[J].西北植物学报,2008,28(11):2238-2243.
[16] 周雅聃,陈世苹,宋维民,等.不同降水条件下两种荒漠植物的水分利用策略[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(8):789-800.
[17] 郑婷婷,李生宇,靳正忠,等.4种固沙植物在塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地的水势特征[J].西北林学院学报,2011,26(3):21-25.
[18] 刘晓春.民勤荒漠草地植物群落及其优势种群结构与动态研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2008.
[19] 国家林业局.LY/T 1270-1999,森林植物与森林枯枝落叶层全氮、磷、钾、钠、钙、镁的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1999.
[20] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[21] 王毅,武维华.植物钾营养高效分子遗传机制[J].植物学通报,2009,44(1):27-36.
[22] 童贯和.不同供钾水平对小麦旗叶光合速率日变化的影响[J].植物生态学报,2004,28(4):547-553.
[23] 赵长明,魏小平,尉秋实,等.民勤绿洲荒漠过渡带植物白刺和梭梭光合特性[J].生态学报,2005,25(8):1908-1913.
[24] 蒋廷惠,占新华,徐阳春,等.钙对植物抗逆能力的影响及其生态学意义[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(5):971-976.
[25] 郑仲仲,沈金秋,潘伟槐,等.植物钙感受器及其介导的逆境信号途径[J].遗传,2013,35(7):875-884.
[26] Larkindale J,Knight M R.Protection against heat stress-induced oxidative damage in arabidopsis involves calcium,abscisic acid,ethylene,and salicylic acid[J].Plant Physiology,2002,128:682-695.
[27] 靳晓琳,马翠兰,陈立松.植物缺镁研究进展[J].亚热带农业研究,2012,8(2):118-122.
[28] 丛悦玺,骆东峰,陈坤明,等.生物镁离子转运体研究进展[J].农业生物技术学报,2012,20(7):837-848.
[29] Williams L,Salt D E.The plant ionome coming into focus[J].Current Opinion in Plant Biology,2009,12(3):247-249.
[30] 叶小齐,孟金柳,曾波,等.不同光照水平下白酒草(Conyza japonica)对氮、镁的差异性吸收[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(11):2427-2431.
[31] 杜建会,严平,俄有浩,等.强降雨事件对不同演化阶段白刺灌丛沙堆土壤水分的影响[J].水土保持通报,2007,12(6):20-24.
[32] 朱雅娟,贾志清,卢琦,等.乌兰布和沙漠5种灌木的水分利用策略[J].林业科学,2010,46(4):15-21.