关键词: 沙漠研究, 综合考察, 专题性研究, 环境变化, 资源开发利用, 科技工作者, 西北五省, 理论体系, 发展阶段, 巴丹吉林

Abstract: The retrospect of the history of desert research and the processes of the formation of desertology since the founding of the People's Republic of China is detailly described in the study. From 1959-1961,the Desert Control Group of Academia Sinica Was established and a great number of scientists were organized to make comprehensive, surveys concerning the geomorphology, climate, hydrology, soil, vegetaiton and social-economic problems in main deserts in China,Taklimakan Desert is one of that,by the headquarter of Academia Sinica,Meanwhile, six intergrated experimental stations and more than ten central stations were established in five provinces in the Northwest China and Inner Mongolia. A network on desert studies and experi-ments was initially formed in desert areas in the Northern China.1962-1966, some typical studies were started to conduct in the fixed and semifixed positons. Since 1977, desert studies in the Institute w,ere Put into a new stage, namely, the Problem of desertification is regarded as an important aspect on desert research in China, and the characteristics, the processes and the developmental trends of desertification and its Prevention arc initiated to be conducted; the rational development and utilization of agricultural resourees in desert areas and the environment changes under the destruction of ecosystem are the key programmes during the stage. Desertology, a new developing sciences, is gradually coming to be developed in meetng of the needs of national economic development on the basis of the theoretical systems of geography, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and biology under the up-to-date theoretical guidances of the svstematization and the ecology.