两种尺寸蒸渗计测量实际蒸散差异性试验研究

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2015.00230

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用试验资料，对蒸散面积2 m²和4 m²两种尺寸蒸渗计测量蒸散量的差异及原因进行了研究。结果表明：2 m²蒸渗计与4 m²蒸渗计所测蒸散量具有很好的一致性，但2 m²蒸渗计所测蒸散量总体要略偏大，日蒸散量平均偏大4%，月蒸散量平均偏大10%，年蒸散量相对偏大5%；典型天气条件下，2 m²蒸渗计和4 m²蒸渗计所测蒸散量的日变化过程基本相同，小时蒸散量的差异表现为晴天时白天显著偏大、夜晚略有偏小，阴天时白天略偏大、夜晚较接近，雨天时白天、夜晚均非常接近的特征。晴天和阴天时，2 m²蒸渗计比4 m²蒸渗计测量日蒸散量分别偏大1.78 mm和0.12 mm，雨天时偏小0.11 mm；2 m²蒸渗计比4 m²蒸渗计测量蒸散量总体偏大的原因，主要是2 m²蒸渗计土壤温度显著高于4 m²蒸渗计和建造时间不同导致土体内部土壤湿度产生差异。

关键词: 蒸渗计, 蒸散量, 土壤温度, 土壤湿度, 差异

Abstract: Based on observed data, the difference of actual evapotranspiration and its causes are analyzed by comparing the lysimeter with evaporation area of 2 square meters ( referred to as 2 m² lysimeter) and the lysimeter with evaporation area of 4 square meters (referred to as 4 m² lysimeter). The results showed that measured evapotranspiration by two lysimeters was in good consistency, but the 2 m² lysimeter's evapotranspiration was generally slightly larger than the 4 m² lysimeter with 4% more for daily evapotranspiration, 10% more for monthly evapotranspiration, and 5% more for annual evapotranspiration; Under different types of synoptic conditions, the two lysimeter's evapotranspiration had a same diurnal variation. In sunny days and cloudy days, hourly evapotranspiration measured by the 2 m² lysimeter was larger than 4 m² lysimeter during the day, but slightly smaller or very close during the night. The hourly evapotranspiration measured by the two lysimeters was very close in the rainy days. The daily evapotranspiration measured by the 2 m² lysimeter is 1.78 mm more than the 4 m² lysimeter in the sunny days and 0.12 mm more in the cloudy days, respectively, and 0.11 mm less in the rainy days; Analysis the reasons for the 2 m² lysimeter measured evapotranspiration is generally slightly larger than 4 m² lysimeter, on the one hand, the soil temperature of 2 m² lysimeter is significantly higher than that of 4 m² lysimeter. On the other hand, it can be the different construction time of two sizes of lysimeters caused the soil moisture to produce difference,resulted in the difference of evapotranspiration.

Key words: lysimeter, evapotranspiration, soil temperature, soil moisture, difference

中图分类号:

P332.2

杨启国, 杨兴国, 张旭东, 马鹏里, 刘宏谊, 李晓峰, 党选发, 孔令旺. 两种尺寸蒸渗计测量实际蒸散差异性试验研究[J]. 中国沙漠, 2017, 37(1): 167-174.

Yang Qiguo, Yang Xingguo, Zhang Xudong, Ma Pengli, Liu Hongyi, Li Xiaofeng, Dang Xuanfa, Kong Lingwang. Difference of Actual Evapotranspiration Measured by Two Sizes Lysimeters[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2017, 37(1): 167-174.

参考文献

[1] 尚宗波,高琼.中国水分状况对全球气候变化的敏感性分析[J].生态学报,2001,21(4):528-537.
[2] 张强,黄荣辉,王胜.浅论西北干旱区路面过程和大气边界层对区域天气气候的特殊作用[J].干旱气象,2011,29(2):133-136.
[3] Evett S R, Mazahrih N T,Sawalha M H,et a1.A weighing lysimeter for crop water use determination in the Jordan Valley,Jordan[J].American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers,2009,52(1):155-169.
[4] Lecina S,Martfnez-Cob A,Perez P J,et al.Fixed versus variable bulk canopy resistance for reference evapotranspiration estimation using the Penman-Monteith equation under semiarid conditions[J].Agrcultural Water Management,2003,60(3):181-198.
[5] Xu Z X,Li J Y.A distributed approach for estimating catchment evapotranspiration:comparison of the combination equation and the complementary relationship approaches[J].Hydrological Processes,2003,17(8):1509-1523.
[6] 赵文智,吉喜斌,刘鹄.蒸散发观测研究进展及绿洲蒸散研究展望[J].干旱区研究,2011,28(3):463-470.
[7] 赵建华,金文岩,刘宏谊,等.湍流低频贡献对半干旱区地表能量平衡的影响[J].干旱气象,2013,31(1):1-9.
[8] Courauh D,Seguin B,Olioso A.Review on estimation of evapotranspiration from remote sensing data:from empirical to numerical modeling approaches[J].Irrigation and Drainage Systems,2005,19(3/4):223-249.
[9] Allen R,Tasumi M,Morse A,et a1.A Landsat-based energy balance and evapotrans piration model in Western US water rights regulation and planning[J].Irrigation and Drainage Systems,2005,19(3):251-268.
[10] Kustas W P,Norman J M.Use of remote sensing for evapotranspiration monitoring over land surfaces[J].Hydrologica1 Sciences Journal,1996,41(4):495-516.
[11] Allen R G,Pereira L S,Howell T A,et al.Evapotranspiration information reporting:I.factors governing measurement accuracy[J].Agricultural Water Management,2011,98(6):899-920.
[12] Rana G,Katerji N.Measurement and estimation of actual evapotranspiration in the field under Mediterranean climate:areview[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2000,13(2/3):125-153.
[13] 郝小翠,张强,杨泽粟.陇中黄土高原垂直感热平流输送对LAS和EC观测感热通量差异的影响[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(1):211-219.
[14] 柯晓新,林日暖,徐国昌,等.大型称重式蒸渗计的研制[J].应用气象学报,1994,5(2):151-157.
[15] Vaughan P J,Ayars J E,Trout T J.A processing method for weighing lysimeter data and comparison to micrometeorological Eto predictions[J].Agrcultural Water Management,2007,88(4):141-146.
[16] 刘渡,李俊,于强,等.涡度相关观测的能量闭合状况及其对农田蒸散测定的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(17):5309-5317.
[17] 张强,张之贤,问晓梅,等.陆面蒸散量观测方法比较分析及其影响因素研究[J].地球科学进展,2011,26(5):538-547.
[18] Xie X Q.Experimental study for determining evapotranspiration of the field[J].Geographical Research,1990,9(4):94-103.
[19] Fatemeh Razzaghi,Ali Reza Sepaskhah.Assessment of nine different equations for ET₀ estimation using lysimeter data in a semi-arid environment[J].Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science,2010,56(1):1-12.
[20] Young M H,Wierenga P J,Mancino C F.Monitoring near-surface soil water storage in turfgrass using time domain reflectometry and weighing lysimetry[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1997,61:1138-1146.
[21] Prueger J H,Hatfield J I,Aase J K,et al.Bowen ratio comparisons with lysimeter evapotranspiration[J].Agronomy Journal,1997,89:730-736.
[22] Aboukhaled A,Alfaro A,Smith M.Lysimeters[R].FAO Irrgation and Drainage Papers,No.39.1982.
[23] 刘国水,刘钰,蔡甲冰,等.农田不同尺度蒸散量的尺度效应与气象因子的关系[J].水利学报,2011,42(3):284-289.
[24] 杨兴国,杨启国,柯晓新,等.旱作春小麦蒸散量测算方法的比较[J].中国沙漠,2004,24(5):651-656.
[25] 赵鸿,王润元,王鹤龄,等.半干旱雨养区苗期土壤温湿度增加对马铃薯生物量积累的影响[J].干旱气象,2013,31(2):290-297.
[26] 杨泽粟,张强,赵鸿.黄土高原旱作区马铃薯叶片和土壤水势对垄沟微集雨的响应特征[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(4):1055-1063.
[27] 柯晓新,张旭东,彭素琴,等.旱作春小麦农田蒸散与能量平衡[J].气象学报,1996,54(3):348-356.
[28] 党选发,杨兴国,张旭东,等.GQZ-Z1型称重式蒸渗计的研制及标定[J].干旱气象,2013,31(4):835-839.
[29] 张旭东,杨兴国,杨启国.半干旱区旱作春小麦耗水规律研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2004,22(2):63-66.
[30] 张强,王胜,问晓梅,等.黄土高原陆面水分的凝结现象及收支特征试验研究[J].气象学报,2012,70(1):128-135.
[31] 宿梅双,李久生,饶敏杰.基于称重式蒸渗仪的喷灌条件下冬小麦和糯玉米作物系数估算方法[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(8):25-29.
[32] 方静,丁永建.干旱荒漠区沙土凝结水与微气象因子关系[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(5):1200-1205.
[33] 傅抱璞,翁笃鸣,虞静明,等.小气候学[M].北京:气象出版社,1994:72-73.
[34] 程维新,胡朝炳,张兴权.农田蒸发与作物耗水量研究[M].北京:气象出版社,1993:4-6.