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中国沙漠 ›› 2018, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 182-191.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2016.00136

• 天气与气候 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国西北地区东部夏季不同等级降水时间演变特征

宋瑶1,2, 周顺武1, 王传辉3, 李耀辉4, 黄莹1   

  1. 1. 南京信息工程大学 气象灾害教育部重点实验室/气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心/气候与环境变化国际合作联合实验室, 江苏 南京 210044;
    2. 广西气象信息中心, 广西 南宁 530022;
    3. 安徽省气象局, 安徽 合肥 230031;
    4. 中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所, 甘肃 兰州 730020
  • 收稿日期:2016-06-07 修回日期:2016-07-06 出版日期:2018-01-20 发布日期:2018-01-20
  • 通讯作者: 周顺武(E-mail:zhou@nuist.edu.cn)
  • 作者简介:宋瑶(1991-),女,四川内江人,硕士,主要从事气候动力学研究。E-mail:dongtiankk126@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    宁夏气象防灾减灾重点实验室开放研究基金;国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFA0602003);国家自然科学基金项目(41175081)

Temporal Evolution Characteristics of Summer Graded Precipitation over the East of Northwest China during 1965-2014

Song Yao1,2, Zhou Shunwu1, Wang Chuanhui3, Li Yaohui4, Huang Ying1   

  1. 1. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;
    2. Guangxi Meteorological Information Center, Nanning 530022, China;
    3. Anhui Provincial Meteorological Bureau, Hefei 230031, China;
    4. Lanzhou Research Institute of Drought, China Meteorological Administration, Lanzhou 730020, China
  • Received:2016-06-07 Revised:2016-07-06 Online:2018-01-20 Published:2018-01-20

摘要: 根据中国西北地区东部59个气象台站1965-2014年的逐日降水资料,将降水划分为小雨、中雨和大雨3个等级,分析和比较了该地区夏季不同等级降水降水量、降水日数和降水强度的时间演变特征,并对各等级降水对总降水贡献的时间变化进行了讨论。结果表明:(1)西北地区东部降水量和降水日集中在夏季。降水等级越高,降水量和降水日的集中程度越高,夏季大雨量(日)达到了全年大雨量(日)的72.15%(69.19%);(2)西北地区东部各等级降水量、降水日主要在1996年存在一个由多转少的突变,均存在较明显的2~3 a的短周期;(3)西北地区东部夏季降水总量与中雨等级以上降水量具有相似的年际和年代际变化,相关系数高达0.8,主要受中雨和大雨量的影响,仅在东南部和甘肃中部趋于增加,在甘肃南部和内蒙古中部趋于减少。总降水日则与小雨日变化一致,主要呈减少趋势,总降水强度的增强则主要源自大雨强度的增大。

关键词: 西北地区东部, 夏季, 降水, 时间演变

Abstract: This paper analyzes the temporal evolution characteristics of precipitation amounts, precipitation days, and precipitation intensity of light rain (0.1-9.9 mm per day); moderate rain (10.0-24.9 mm per day); heavy rain (≥ 25.0 mm per day) in summer during 1963-2014 in the east of northwest China and further discusses their contributions to total precipitation amounts, precipitation days, and precipitation intensity in summer. Results show that:(1) Precipitation was mainly concentrated in summer over the east of northwest China, and the percentages of summer precipitation amount (days) in annual precipitation amount (days) increased rapidly as the level of precipitation rises. The heavy rain amounts (days) in summer accounted for 72.15% (69.19%) of annual heavy rain amount (days). (2) There was an abrupt change around 1996 in the precipitation amounts and precipitation days of different levels of precipitation. Significant short periodic vibrations of 2-3 years in the precipitation amount, days and intensity of different levels are revealed by conducting wavelet analysis. (3) There were similar interannual and interdecadal variations between total summer precipitation amounts and moderate/heavy rain amounts with correlation coefficients higher than 0.8. Affected by moderate and heavy rain amounts, summer precipitation amount increased in the central part of Gansu and the whole Shaanxi Province while decreased in southern Gansu and central Inner Mongolia. The changes in total precipitation days were consistent with the changes in light rain days, which decreased over the whole eastern part of northwest China. And the increase of total precipitation intensity was due to the increase of heavy rain intensity.

Key words: east of northwest China, summer, precipitation, temporal variation

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