常量元素记录的毛乌素沙地东南缘全新世气候变化

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2018.00012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 毛乌素沙地处于中国季风边缘的半干旱区，对气候变化响应敏感，是研究过去全球气候变化的理想场所。对沙地东南缘锦界剖面全新统砂质黄土-古风成砂-古土壤互层沉积序列进行研究，在OSL测年基础上，通过沉积物常量元素氧化物含量及其比值分析，结合粒度、磁化率特征，探讨了毛乌素沙地东南缘7.9ka BP以来气候变化。结果表明：（1）地层常量元素氧化物以SiO₂和Al₂O₃为主，其他元素含量依次为Na₂O、K₂O、Fe₂O₃、CaO、MgO。各种元素活动性不同，K、Na活动性较强，易淋失；Si活动性较稳定，风成砂中易富集；Ca、Mg、Al、Fe活动性较弱，古土壤中富集。（2）7.9ka BP以来气候变化分为6个阶段。7.9～7.3 ka最温暖湿润时段；7.3～6.8 ka，气候转冷干；6.8～4.3 ka，整体上温暖湿润，期间存在2次由暖湿变冷干的波动，并出现过6次风沙活动，即6.6～6.3、6.1、5.9、5.7～5.5、5.3～5.0、4.7～4.4 ka；4.3～2.5ka BP，气候转冷干；2.5～1.8ka BP出现过短暂湿润期，但暖湿程度不及全新世中期；1.8ka BP以来气候渐趋干旱并接近现代气候。（3）全新世气候变化与毗邻的萨拉乌苏河流域、浑善达克沙地等记录的气候变化具有很好的一致性，这是通过东亚冬夏季风强弱消长变化对全球变化的区域响应。

关键词: 常量元素, 气候变化, 全新世, 毛乌素沙地

Abstract: The Mu US Desert located in the semi-arid area of northwest edge of China's monsoon region is typically sensitive to the global climate change, so this area is usually regarded as ideal area for research of climate change and desert evolution. The Jinjie profile (38°44'45″N, 110°09'56″E) of Shenmu County that located in Southeastern of Mu US Desert, has developed representative aeolian sand-paleosoil sedimentary structure. We analyzed sediment in Jinjie profile, based on data of OSL dating, geochemical major element oxides and the ratio of these elements, in combination with magnetic susceptibility and grain size. The result showed that:(1)The sediment of Jinjie profile was mainly composed of SiO₂ and Al₂O₃, with the contents of 69.72%-81.40% and 11.04%-12.71%, the other major element oxides' contents are in order of Na > K > Fe > Ca > Mg. Chemical activity of different geochemical elements in the section showed obvious variability:K, Na and Si were more migrated and leached; while Ca, Mg, Fe, Al were obviously enriched. (2)The geochemical parameters can be used as the sensitive index to indicate the variability of Asian summer monsoon and winter monsoon. (3)The climate change in Southeastern of Mu US Desert since 7.9 ka BP can be classified into 6 stages:7.9-7.3 ka BP, the paleosoil layer is developed, the summer monsoon was powerful and the climate was warmest and wettest during this period, chemical weathering is strong and indicating accessing to the Holocene Optimum; 7.3-6.8 ka BP, the aeolian sand is developed, and the winter monsoon became stronger and the climate was cold and dry; 6.8-4.3 ka BP, the climate was warm and wet as a whole but still occurs two climatic fluctuations which become dry and cold from warm and wet, more than, there were six aeolian events were recorded at 6.6-6.3 ka BP, 6.1 ka BP, 5.9 ka BP, 5.7-5.5 ka BP, 5.3-5.0 ka BP, 4.7-4.4 ka BP; 4.3-2.5 ka BP, the winter monsoon became stronger again, the cold and dry climate was dominated; 2.5-1.8 ka BP, the climate was warm and humid, but the summer monsoon is weaker than the Holocene Optimum; Since 1.8 ka BP, the climate becomes colder and arider. The climate change in the study area reflects the strong and weak changes of East Asian monsoon and is coincident with the regional and global climate change.

Key words: geochemical major elements, climate change, Holocene, Mu US Desert

中图分类号:

P531

苏志珠, 吴宇婧, 孔梦园, 马义娟, 梁爱民, 柳苗苗, 张彩霞. 常量元素记录的毛乌素沙地东南缘全新世气候变化[J]. 中国沙漠, 2018, 38(3): 516-523.

Su Zhizhu, Wu Yujing, Kong Mengyuan, Ma Yijuan, Liang Aimin, Liu Miaomiao, Zhang Caixia. Climate Change Revealed by Geochemical Major Elements during Holocene in the Southeastern Mu US Desert[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2018, 38(3): 516-523.

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