车辆碾压作用下戈壁地表起尘浓度

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2018.00030

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过野外观测车辆碾压作用下戈壁地表PM₁₀释放浓度，探讨其主要影响因素。针对戈壁区砾石、砂砾、砂质和砂土4种路面类型，应用TSI粉尘仪多次重复观测车辆碾压产生的PM₁₀浓度，进而阐明碾压次数、车速和地表水分等因素对起尘浓度的影响。结果表明：4种路面的平均起尘浓度依次为5.339、9.089、16.944、50.251 mg·m^-3，是自然状态下的5~50倍；起尘浓度随碾压次数增多而增大，其中砂土路情况下的增长最显著；随土层厚度的增大呈现出幂函数的增长趋势；降雨后路面起尘浓度显著减小，且降雨量会影响降雨后起尘浓度的变化趋势。最后提出了针对性的建议和措施以减弱车辆碾压导致的戈壁地表起尘。

关键词: 戈壁地表, 车辆碾压, 粉尘释放, PM₁₀浓度, 影响因素

Abstract: Field experiments were conducted in gobi area to investigate the effects of vehicle crushing on dust emission and influencing factors. PM₁₀ concentration were measured repeatedly with Dust Trak(TSI) on four kinds of road, specifically gravelly, gravelly and sandy, sandy, silty road surface in gobi area. We also investigated the influences of crushing time, speed and surface moisture on dust concentration. It is revealed that the average PM₁₀ concentration of four kinds of road surface after vehicle crushing was 5.339, 9.089, 16.944, 50.251 mg·m^-3, respectively, which was about 5-50 times of the natural state. The PM₁₀ concentration increased with the crushing time, and the most significant increase can be seen from silty road surface data. The PM₁₀ concentration increases with soil thickness, following power function relationship. There is a remarkable decrease of dust emission after the rainfall, and the precipitation can affect the trend of dust emission after rainfall. Based on the above results, some suggestion and measurements are represented in order to reduce the dust emission by vehicle crushing on gobi in the end of this paper.

Key words: gobi, vehicle crushing, dust emission, PM₁₀ concentration, influencing factors

中图分类号:

S157.1

孟小楠, 严平, 王振亭, 董苗, 王勇. 车辆碾压作用下戈壁地表起尘浓度[J]. 中国沙漠, 2019, 39(1): 80-87.

Meng Xiaonan, Yan Ping, Wang Zhenting, Dong Miao, Wang Yong. Dust Emission by Vehicle Crushing on Gobi of Gansu, China[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2019, 39(1): 80-87.

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