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中国沙漠 ›› 2019, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (4): 187-194.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2019.00029

• • 上一篇    下一篇

乌兰布和沙漠灌溉农田深层渗漏特征与水量平衡

梁海荣1, 李佳陶1, 李艳丽2, 赵英铭3, 冯伟5, 程一本6, 于思佳7, 杨文斌4   

  1. 1. 内蒙古自治区林业科学研究院, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010010;
    2. 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 北京 100081;
    3. 中国林业科学研究院 沙漠林业试验中心, 北京 100091;
    4. 中国林业科学研究院 荒漠化研究所, 北京 100091;
    5. 锡林郭勒职业学院, 内蒙古 锡林浩特 026010;
    6. 北京林业大学 水土保持学院, 北京 100083;
    7. 内蒙古农业大学 沙漠治理学院, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010010
  • 收稿日期:2019-03-29 修回日期:2019-05-05 出版日期:2019-07-20 发布日期:2019-07-12
  • 通讯作者: 杨文斌(E-mail:nmlkyywb@163.com)
  • 作者简介:梁海荣(1969-),女,内蒙古赤峰人,研究员,主要从事林业、荒漠化防治工作。E-mail:lkylhr@sina.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41661006);国家“十三五”重大专项(2016yfc05000940106)

Deep Leakage Characteristics and Water Balance of Irrigated Farmland in Ulan Buh Desert

Liang Hairong1, Li Jiatao1, Li Yanli2, Zhao Yingming3, Feng Wei5, Cheng Yiben6, Yu Sijia7, Yang Wenbin4   

  1. 1. Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry Science, Hohhot 010010, China;
    2. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Agricultural Zones, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
    3. Desert Forestry Experimental Center, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China;
    4. Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China;
    5. Xilingol Vocational College, Xilinhot 026010, Inner Mongolia, China;
    6. School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
    7. College of Desert Control Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010010, China
  • Received:2019-03-29 Revised:2019-05-05 Online:2019-07-20 Published:2019-07-12

摘要: 中国干旱区分布着大面积的灌溉农田,改造沙漠(包括戈壁)为灌溉农田仍为治沙的重要途径,深层渗漏是地表水温过程及优化灌溉制度的重要参数。针对乌兰布和沙漠熟化的灌溉农田,保留50 cm的耕作层熟化土壤,分别客换50~150 cm砂土、壤土和黏土,配置成为3种土壤类型样地,实时监测了当地农民对农田的实际灌溉量与灌水量、土壤含水率及深层渗漏量。结果表明:(1)2017年4月17日的单次灌水量118.64 mm后,砂土、壤土、黏土样地150 cm深层出现渗漏的时间分别为灌溉后的13、72、257 h。(2)单次灌水量118.64 mm的15 d后,砂土、壤土、黏土样地150 cm深层渗漏量分别为110.87、12.2、0.8 mm。(3)2017年生长季内(4月1日至10月30日)5次灌溉水总量为641.53 mm时,渗漏水总量为砂土449.60 mm、壤土270.60 mm;土壤的蓄水量变化为砂土-48.79 mm、壤土-35.32 mm。(4)砂土、壤土和黏土的渗漏水量差异是影响灌溉水量和频率的重要因素。

关键词: 乌兰布和沙漠, 干旱区, 灌溉农田, 深层渗漏量, 水量平衡

Abstract: Based on the development of irrigated farmland in arid desert area has become a central issue in desert management and development, the keys of farmland development are Improving water use efficiency and establishing optimal irrigation systems. The research area was located in Ulan buh Desert. The experiment established three sites with exchanged local soil to sand, loam and clay under the tillage layer for 50 cm. The results indicated that:The deep percolation were observed 13 hours after irrigation, 72 hours and 257 hours in sand, loam and clay sites at 150 cm depth with a 118.64 mm single irrigation on 17 April 2017. And deep percolation 15 days after irrigation were 110.87 mm, 12.2 mm, 0.8 mm for sand, loam and clay sites at 150 cm depth. Moreover, with 641.53 mm irrigation amount in growth period, the total amount of leakage water is 449.60 mm in sand and loam 270.60 mm in loam, water storage capacity were -35.32 mm and -48.79 mm for soil and sand in 2017. The difference of leakage amount occured at sand, loam and clay which affected the irrigated amount and rate. So, monitoring accurately of leakage from soil of different textures which is very important on scientific formulated of irrigation systems for farmland in desert areas.

Key words: Ulan buh Desert, arid area, irrigated farmland, deep percolation rate, water balance

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