松嫩沙地地球化学特征及其对风尘物质贡献的指示

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2022.00149

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中国北部沙漠-沙地作为亚洲风尘系统的重要组成部分，是亚洲重要的粉尘源区。对松嫩沙地和欧亚黄土带最东端黄土沉积的源-汇系统进行研究，有利于了解松嫩平原冰期-间冰期大气环流模式与粉尘传输路径之间的关系，并为区域生态环境和沙尘天气治理提供科学依据。本研究采集了松嫩沙地全范围的47件样品（<63 μm）进行元素地球化学分析（常量元素、微量元素和稀土元素），建立了完整的松嫩沙地地球化学数据库，并通过主成分分析和频率模型进行物源定量重建，结合物源判别图解探讨松嫩沙地对下风向区域风尘物质的贡献度。结果表明：松嫩沙地处于化学风化初级阶段，沉积物的成熟度较低，由大多数初次循环和少数再循环沉积混合组成。定量重建结果将松嫩沙地划分为西北部、西南-W部、西南-E部3个分区，对哈尔滨黄土的贡献度依次为西南-E部（即松花江水系沉积物）40.5%~66.3%、西南-W部24.9%~48.9%、西北部1.9%~13.2%。物源判别图解表明哈尔滨黄土与现代尘暴粉尘有相似的源区，揭示了松嫩平原冰期-间冰期粉尘传输路径一直以西南方向为主，与冰期以西北风为主导的环流模式存在差异。哈尔滨西北方向粉尘源区（松嫩沙地西北部和呼伦贝尔沙地）植被覆盖度高、沙地暴露面积小且受地形阻挡是导致其粉尘排放量受限的主要原因，而西南方向源区（主要是松嫩沙地西南区域）植被覆盖度低、沙地暴露面积大且地形平坦开阔使其粉尘排放量持续增高。应加强对松嫩沙地西南区域的生态环境治理，以改善哈尔滨地区频发的沙尘天气和日益严重的大气污染问题。对于区域沙尘天气的防治，其根本在于应重视潜在物源区的生态环境治理而非仅局限于发生区域本身。

关键词: 松嫩沙地, 地球化学, 物源定量重建, 风尘物质, 沙尘天气治理

Abstract:

As an important part of Asian wind-dust system， desert-sandy land in northern China is one of the important dust sources in Asia， studying the source-sink system of loess deposition in Songnen Sandy Land and the easternmost part of Eurasian loess belt is helpful to understand the relationship between atmospheric circulation model and dust transport path during glacial-interglacial period in Songnen Plain， and provide scientific basis for regional ecological environment and dust weather control. In this study， 47 samples （<63 μm） from Songnen Sandy Land were collected for element geochemical analysis （major elements， trace elements and rare earth elements）， and a complete geochemical database of Songnen Sandy Land was established. The provenance quantitative reconstruction was carried out by PCA analysis and Frequentist model， and the contribution degree of Songnen Sandy Land to downwind was discussed in combination with provenance discrimination diagram. The results show that the Songnen Sandy Land is in the primary stage of chemical weathering， and the maturity of the sediment is low， which is composed of a mixture of most primary circulation and a few recycled deposits. According to the results of quantitative reconstruction， Songnen Sandy Land is divided into three regions： Northwest， Southwest-W and Southwest-E， and the contribution degree of Harbin loess is as follows： Southwest-E （Songhua River sediment） 40.5%-66.3%， Southwest-W 24.9%-48.9%，Northwest 1.9%-13.2%. The source discrimination diagram shows that Harbin loess has a similar source area with modern dust storm， and reveals that the dust transmission path in Songnen Plain during the glacial-interglacial period is mainly in the southwest direction， which is different from the circulation mode dominated by northwest wind during the glacial period. High vegetation coverage， small exposed area of sandy land and being blocked by terrain are the main reasons that lead to the limited dust emission in the northwest source area of Harbin （northwest Songnen Sandy Land and Hulun Buir Sandy Land），while low vegetation coverage， large exposed area of sandy land and flat terrain in the southwest source area （mainly the southwest area of Songnen Sandy Land） lead to the continuous increase of dust emission. The control of ecological environment in the southwest of Songnen Sandy Land should be strengthened to improve the frequent dust weather and the increasingly serious air pollution in Harbin. For the prevention and control of regional dust weather， we should pay attention to the ecological environment management of the potential provenance area rather than being limited to the occurrence area itself.

Key words: Songnen Sandy Land, geochemistry, provenance quantitative reconstruction, aeolian dust, dust weather control

中图分类号:

P594

刘俊贺, 迟云平, 谢远云, 康春国, 魏振宇, 吴鹏, 孙磊. 松嫩沙地地球化学特征及其对风尘物质贡献的指示[J]. 中国沙漠, 2023, 43(3): 252-263.

Junhe Liu, Yunping Chi, Yuanyun Xie, Chunguo Kang, Zhenyu Wei, Peng Wu, Lei Sun. Geochemical characteristics of Songnen Sandy Land and its indication of contribution to aeolian dust[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2023, 43(3): 252-263.

图/表 7

图1 研究区位置

Fig.1 Survey map of research area

图2 松嫩沙地沉积物的元素标准化模式图解

Fig.2 The normalized patterns for elements of the sediments in Songnen Sandy Land. A， major elements； B， trace elements； C， rare earth elements

图3 松嫩沙地定量源区划分图解

Fig.3 Quantitative source area division diagram of Songnen Sandy Land. A， PCA material source analysis diagram； B， LDA linear discriminant diagram of Harbin loess and Songnen Sandy Land

表1 基于Frequentist模型定量重建3个源区对哈尔滨黄土贡献度（%）

Table 1 Quantitatively reconstructing the contribution of three source areas to Harbin loess by Frequentist model

分区	H1	H2	H3	H4	H4	H6	H7	H8	H9	H10	H11	H12	H13	H14	H15	平均
西北部	12.5	8.0	6.6	13.2	7.4	12.6	10.1	8.4	11.8	8.7	6.9	4.6	4.1	6.8	1.9	8.2
西南-W部	28.9	41.3	36.9	37.8	42.6	46.8	36.5	47.4	24.9	48.9	42.7	29.1	29.4	46.7	39.1	38.6
西南-E部	58.6	50.6	56.4	48.9	49.9	40.5	53.2	44.0	63.2	42.3	50.2	66.2	66.3	46.4	58.8	53.0

图4 松嫩沙地地表沉积物的A-CN-K三角图解和MFW三角图解

Fig.4 A-CN-K ternary diagram （A） and MFW ternary diagram （B） of surface sediments in Songnen Sandy Land

图5 松嫩沙地地表沉积物的成熟度与沉积再循环判别图解判别函数1=30.638×TiO2/Al2O3-12.541×Fe2O3/Al2O3+7.329×MgO/Al2O3+12.031×Na2O/Al2O3+35.42×K2O/Al2O3-6.382；判别函数2=56.500×TiO2/Al2O3-10.879×Fe2O3/Al2O3+30.875×MgO/Al2O3-5.404×Na2O/Al2O3+11.112×K2O/Al2O3-3.89

Fig.5 Maturity and discrimination diagram of the sediment recycling in the Songnen Sandy Land

图6 松嫩沙地不活动元素比值物源判别图解LREEN=（LaN+CeN+PrN+NdN）； HREEN=（ErN+TmN+YbN+LuN）； MREEN=（SmN+EuN+GdN+TbN+DyN+HoN）； MREEN*=2×MREEN/（LREEN+HREEN）

Fig.6 Provenance discrimination diagrams involving immobile elements of Songnen Sandy Land

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