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中国沙漠 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 291-301.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00081

• • 上一篇    下一篇

沙漠光伏建设模式通过土壤水分影响固沙草本植物生长特征

左强1(), 杨昊天2, 杨奕颖3, 蔺锴4, 李云飞5, 王艳莉1()   

  1. 1.甘肃农业大学 林学院,甘肃 兰州 730070
    2.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 沙坡头沙漠研究试验站,甘肃 兰州 730000
    3.龙源(北京)太阳能技术有限公司,北京 100000
    4.宁夏龙源新能源有限公司,宁夏 银川 750002
    5.中国科学院大学,北京 101408
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-13 修回日期:2025-04-18 出版日期:2025-05-20 发布日期:2025-06-30
  • 通讯作者: 王艳莉
  • 作者简介:左强(1998—),男,甘肃庆阳人,硕士研究生,研究方向为风景园林生态修复。E-mail: 17609349349@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2023BCF01019);内蒙古自治区“揭榜挂帅”项目(2024JBGS0003-1);龙源电力集团股份有限公司科技项目(LYH-2021-04);校企合作项目(GASU-JSFW-2024-116-4);甘肃农业大学公招博士科研启动项目(GAU-KYQD-2020-5)

The construction mode of desert photovoltaic facilities influences the growth characteristics of sand-fixing herbaceous plants through soil moisture

Qiang Zuo1(), Haotian Yang2, Yiying Yang3, Kai Lin4, Yunfei Li5, Yanli Wang1()   

  1. 1.College of Forestry,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China
    2.Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    3.Longyuan (Beijing) Solar Energy Technology Co. ,Ltd. ,Beijing 100000,China
    4.Ningxia Longyuan New Energy Co. ,LTD,Yinchuan 750002,China
    5.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 101408,China
  • Received:2025-03-13 Revised:2025-04-18 Online:2025-05-20 Published:2025-06-30
  • Contact: Yanli Wang

摘要:

大型沙漠光伏电站的建设不仅为全球能源转型和实现碳中和目标提供了新途径,也为荒漠化治理提供了新方案。然而,其建设模式对土壤物理属性(如水分、温度和电导率)及固沙植物生长特征的影响尚缺乏在空间上的对比研究。本研究以腾格里沙漠大型新能源基地为对象,通过野外调查、定位监测,对比分析两种光伏建设模式(固定可调模式与平单轴追踪模式)下生态修复区内光伏板下方、前方和后方的土壤特性、植物生长状况及生物量特征。结果表明:光伏板前和板后土壤水分表现为固定可调生态修复区显著高于平单轴生态修复区,而板下土壤水分表现为平单轴生态修复区高于固定可调生态修复区,土壤温度和电导率表现为固定可调光伏生态修复区高于平单轴光伏生态修复区,但差异不显著。空间异质性分析表明,两种光伏建设模式对土壤属性的影响存在显著差异,光伏板前(固定可调)和板后(两种模式)区域的土壤水分显著高于光伏板下区域,而电导率表现为板下区域显著高于板前和板后区域。固定可调光伏生态修复区的物种多样性高于平单轴光伏生态修复区。固沙植物在空间分布上同样存在显著异质性,光伏板前和板后区域的植物株高、盖度、地径、根长、地上生物量和地下生物量均显著高于光伏板下区域。植物盖度、高度、地径、根长、地上生物量和地下生物量受土壤水分影响显著(P<0.05)。光伏电站建设通过改善植物生境显著促进了固沙植被的恢复,其中固定可调模式更有利于光伏板前和板后区域的植被恢复,但不利于光伏板下区域的植被恢复。

关键词: 沙漠光伏电站, 植物多样性, 空间分布, 植被恢复, 土壤水温盐

Abstract:

The construction of large-scale desert photovoltaic power stations not only provides a new way for global energy transformation and carbon neutrality, but also opens up a new scheme for desertification control. However, the impact of its construction mode on soil physical properties (such as moisture, temperature and electrical conductivity) and the growth characteristics of sand fixation plants is still lack of comparative research in space. This study takes the large-scale new energy base in Tengger Desert as the research object, through field investigation, positioning monitoring and comparative analysis of the soil characteristics, plant growth status and biomass characteristics under, in front of and behind the photovoltaic panels in the ecological restoration area under the two photovoltaic construction modes (fixed adjustable mode and horizontal uniaxial tracking mode). The results showed that the soil moisture in the fixed and adjustable ecological restoration area was significantly higher than that in the flat uniaxial ecological restoration area, while the soil moisture in the flat uniaxial ecological restoration area was higher than that in the fixed and adjustable ecological restoration area, and the soil temperature and conductivity in the fixed and adjustable photovoltaic ecological restoration area were higher than that in the flat uniaxial photovoltaic ecological restoration area, but the difference was not significant. The spatial heterogeneity analysis showed that there were significant differences in the effects of the two photovoltaic construction modes on soil properties. The soil moisture in the front (fixed and adjustable) and back (two modes) of the photovoltaic panel was significantly higher than that under the photovoltaic panel, while the conductivity in the under panel area was significantly higher than that in the front and back of the photovoltaic panel. The species diversity of the fixed and adjustable photovoltaic ecological restoration area is higher than that of the flat single axis photovoltaic ecological restoration area. The plant height, coverage, ground diameter, root length, aboveground biomass and underground biomass in the area before and after the photovoltaic panel were significantly higher than those in the area under the photovoltaic panel. Plant coverage, height, ground diameter, root length, aboveground biomass and underground biomass were significantly affected by soil moisture (P<0.05). The construction of photovoltaic power station has significantly promoted the restoration of sand fixation vegetation by improving plant habitat. The fixed and adjustable mode is more conducive to the vegetation restoration in the area before and after the photovoltaic panel, but is not conducive to the vegetation restoration in the area under the photovoltaic panel. This study reveals the potential of desert photovoltaic power station in improving soil environment and promoting sand fixation plant diversity, and provides a theoretical basis for the scientific implementation of the "photovoltaic+sand control" mode.

Key words: desert photovoltaic power station, plant diversity, spatial distribution, vegetation restoration, soil moisture, temperature, and salinity

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