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中国沙漠 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 109-117.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00103

• • 上一篇    

施肥对半干旱沙地玉米生产力及其稳定性的影响

张蕊1,2,3,4(), 武雅琳1,2,4, 李玉霖1,2,4, 连杰1,2,4   

  1. 1.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,干旱区生态安全与可持续发展全国重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730000
    2.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,奈曼沙漠化研究站,甘肃 兰州 730000
    3.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,乌拉特荒漠草原研究站,甘肃 兰州 730000
    4.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-03 修回日期:2025-07-10 出版日期:2025-07-20 发布日期:2025-08-18
  • 作者简介:张蕊(1988—),女,甘肃甘谷人,博士,副研究员,主要从事干旱区恢复生态学研究。E-mail: zhangrui@lzb.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区揭榜挂帅项目(2024JBGS0020);国家自然科学基金项目(42207538)

The influence of fertilization on the sandy farmland productivity and stability of corn in semi-arid areas

Rui Zhang1,2,3,4(), Yalin Wu1,2,4, Yulin Li1,2,4, Jie Lian1,2,4   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands /, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    2.Naiman Desertification Research Station /, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    3.Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    4.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
  • Received:2025-06-03 Revised:2025-07-10 Online:2025-07-20 Published:2025-08-18

摘要:

为探明施肥对半干旱区沙质农田高产、稳产的效应,优化施肥模式,在农田生态系统定位设置不施肥(CK)、秸秆还田(ST)、化肥(CH)、农家肥(FA)、化肥农家肥减半(CF_2)和化肥减半(CH_2)6种处理,研究施肥对玉米生产力及其稳定性的影响。结果表明:(1)化肥、农家肥及两者共同施用增加了玉米株高、茎粗、穗位高、穗长、穗粗、行粒数和百粒重,化肥农家肥共同施用对株高、穗位高的促进作用更强,而化肥单一施用对穗长、百粒重的促进作用更明显。(2)化肥、农家肥及两者共同施用使地上生物量、总生物量较CK和ST的增幅分别为74.9%~196.3%、54.9%~147.2%,化肥、农家肥及两者共同施用使根系生物量较CK的增幅为108.0%~126.9%。化肥单一施用与化肥农家肥共同施用使籽粒产量较CK、ST、FA的增幅为29.9%~292.6%。施肥处理对地上和总生物量时间稳定性有显著影响。(3)植株性状、穗部特征与生物量/籽粒产量及其稳定性具有较强的正相关性。综合分析认为,化肥减半配施农家肥能够显著提高沙质农田玉米生产力。

关键词: 施肥, 植株性状, 产量, 稳定性, 沙地

Abstract:

To explore the effect of fertilization on high and stable yields in sandy corn farmland in semi-arid areas and optimize the fertilization regime, six treatments, namely no fertilization (CK), straw returning to the field (ST), chemical fertilizer (CH), farmyard manure (FA), decrease 50% of chemical fertilizer and farmyard manure (CF_2), and decrease 50% of chemical fertilizer (CH_2), were positioned and set up in the sandy farmland ecosystem. The results showed that: (1) Chemical fertilizer, farmyard manure and combination of chemical fertilizer and farmyard manure increased the plant height, stem diameter, ear height, ear length, ear diameter, row number of grains and 100 grains weight of corn. The combination of chemical fertilizer and farmyard manure had a stronger promoting effect on plant height and ear height, while the single application of chemical fertilizer had a more obvious promoting effect on ear length and 100 grains weight. (2) Chemical fertilizer, farmyard manure and their combination increased the aboveground biomass and total biomass by 68.2%-196.3% and 54.9%-163.0%, respectively, compared with CK and ST. Chemical fertilizer, farmyard manure and their combination increased the root biomass by 108.0%-126.9% compared with CK. The chemical fertilizer only and the combination of chemical fertilizer and farmyard manure increased the grain yield by 29.9%-292.6% compared with CK, ST and FA. Fertilization has a significant impact on the temporal stability of aboveground biomass and total biomass. (3) Plant traits, ear characteristics have a strong positive correlation with biomass/grain yield and their stability. Comprehensive analysis suggests that halving the application of chemical fertilizer and farmyard manure can significantly enhance the productivity of corn in sandy farmland.

Key words: fertilization, plant traits, yield, stability, sandy land

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