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中国沙漠 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 201-210.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00185

• • 上一篇    

19802024年中国沙漠地区景观演变特征

杜会石1(), 吴兴耀1, 哈斯额尔敦2   

  1. 1.吉林师范大学 地理科学与旅游学院,吉林 四平 136000
    2.北京师范大学 地理科学学部,北京 100875
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-09 修回日期:2025-11-07 出版日期:2026-03-20 发布日期:2026-04-13
  • 作者简介:杜会石(1983—),男,吉林伊通人,教授,主要从事干旱区地貌研究。E-mail: duhs@jlnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    吉林省自然科学基金项目(YDZJ202601ZYTS250);国家自然科学基金项目(42271005)

Characteristics of landscape evolution in China's desert regions in 1980-2024

Huishi Du1(), Xingyao Wu1, Hasi Eerdun2   

  1. 1.College of Geographic Science and Tourism,Jilin Normal University,Siping 136000,Jilin,China
    2.Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China
  • Received:2025-10-09 Revised:2025-11-07 Online:2026-03-20 Published:2026-04-13

摘要:

沙漠作为干旱半干旱区下垫面的重要地理单元,对气候变化和人类活动响应敏感。及时掌握大尺度、长时序沙漠地区景观格局演变特征,对区域生态恢复与可持续发展具有重要科学意义。本研究以1980—2024年Landsat系列卫星影像为数据源,采用深度学习方法提取各类景观信息,利用景观格局指数系统解析了近45年中国沙漠地区景观时空演变特征。结果表明:(1)沙漠地区景观格局呈现阶段性演变特征,1980—2000年为相对稳定期,2000—2010年为显著变化期,草地景观转化为沙地景观,面积达14 100.03 km2,而2010—2024年为沙地恢复期,沙地景观面积开始减少,沙地景观逐渐转化为草地景观,面积达2 138.30 km2。(2)空间上呈现西部自然退化主导、东部人类干扰显化的分异规律,沙地景观高度集中于塔克拉玛干等西部沙漠,面积比例达69.5%,变幅低于0.5%,而东部沙地(如科尔沁、毛乌素沙地)则表现为人类活动景观的多元镶嵌。(3)景观格局指数揭示出沙地扩张表现为高度集聚(斑块结合度> 99.1%),草地退化呈内部破碎化特征(斑块结合度下降0.18);沙漠地区整体景观经历了由稳定向单一聚集(香农多样性指数由0.8475降至0.8084),再向复杂化调整的演变过程。研究可为生态工程效益评估及分区防治策略优化提供科学依据。

关键词: 景观格局, 沙漠化, 景观格局指数, 时空演变, 沙漠地区

Abstract:

As crucial geographical units within the underlying surface of arid and semi-arid regions, deserts are highly sensitive to climate change and human activities. Timely understanding of the characteristics of large-scale, long-term landscape pattern evolution in desert areas is of significant scientific importance for regional ecological restoration and sustainable development. Using Landsat series satellite imagery from 1980 to 2024 as the data source, various landscape information was extracted via deep learning methods. The spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of desert landscapes over the past 45 years were then systematically analyzed using landscape pattern indices. The study reveals that: (1) The landscape pattern in desert regions exhibited phased evolutionary characteristics. From 1980 to 2000, it was a relatively stable period. The period 2000-2010 marked a phase of significant change, with 14 100.03 km² of grassland landscapes converting to sandy land. Conversely, 2010-2024 was a sandy land recovery period, during which the area of sandy land began to decrease, and 2 138.30 km² of sandy land landscapes gradually converted back to grassland landscapes. (2) Spatially, a distinct differentiation pattern was observed, characterized by natural degradation dominating in the west and significant human disturbance in the east. Sandy land landscapes were highly concentrated in western deserts like the Taklamakan Desert, where they constituted 69.5% of the area with a variation amplitude of less than 0.5%. Conversely, eastern sandy lands (e.g., Horqin, Mu Us Sandy Land) showed a diverse mosaic of human activity landscapes. (3) Landscape pattern indices revealed that sandy land expansion proceeded in a concentrated and continuous pattern (patch cohesion >99.1%), while grassland degradation showed characteristics of internal fragmentation (patch cohesion decreased by 0.18). Overall, desert regions experienced an evolutionary process from stability to homogeneous aggregation (Shannon Diversity Index decreased from 0.8475 to 0.8084), subsequently adjusting towards increased complexity. This research provides a scientific basis for evaluating the effectiveness of ecological engineering projects and optimizing differentiated prevention and control strategies.

Key words: landscape pattern, desertification, landscape pattern indices, spatiotemporal evolution, desert region

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