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中国沙漠 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 206-220.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2026.00115

• • 上一篇    

浑善达克沙地地表沉积物易溶盐的空间分布特征及其影响因素

任孝宗1,2(), 崔徐甲1,2, 秦彦智1, 陈天晶1, 崔雯茜1   

  1. 1.太原师范学院,地理科学学院,山西 晋中 030619
    2.太原师范学院,汾河流域地表过程与资源生态安全山西省重点实验室,山西 晋中 030619
  • 收稿日期:2026-05-25 修回日期:2026-06-28 出版日期:2026-09-20 发布日期:2026-11-02
  • 作者简介:任孝宗(1983—),男,甘肃白银人,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为水化学、水文地球化学。E-mail: renxzmail@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    山西省基础研究计划(自由探索类)(202403021211205)

Spatial distribution of soluble salts in surface sediments of Hunshandake Sandy Land and its influencing factors

Xiaozong Ren1,2(), Xujia Cui1,2, Yanzhi Qin1, Tianjing Chen1, Wenxi Cui1   

  1. 1.School of Geography Science /, School of Geography Science,Taiyuan Normal University,Jinzhong 030619,Shanxi,China
    2.Shanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecological Security in Fenhe River Basin, School of Geography Science,Taiyuan Normal University,Jinzhong 030619,Shanxi,China
  • Received:2026-05-25 Revised:2026-06-28 Online:2026-09-20 Published:2026-11-02

摘要:

沙漠/沙地地表沉积物易溶盐不仅深刻影响着区域岩石风化和全球盐分循环,也是土壤盐碱化的重要诱因,其空间分布特征被认为主要受控于气候因素,然而在人类活动显著的中国东部沙地,其主控因素仍不清楚。本文测定了浑善达克沙地78个地表沉积物易溶盐的水化学综合指标和10种主要离子,利用冷热点分析、标准差椭圆分析和双变量图对各离子的空间分布特征及其影响因素进行了分析。结果表明:浑善达克沙地78个地表沉积物TDS(溶解性固体总量)和pH的均值仅为15.61 mg·L-1和5.88,属阿列金水化学分类法重碳酸盐和碳酸盐类、钙质组。沙地东、西部地表沉积物易溶盐空间分异明显,西部以HCO3-、Ca2+为主,NO3-的含量较低,属阿列金Ⅰ型水;东部受人类活动的影响NO3-含量明显增加,属阿列金Ⅱ和Ⅲ型水。易溶盐各离子按空间分布特征可分为3类:Ⅰ类易溶盐离子包括HCO3-、Ca2+、Na+、Mg2+、K+和F-,其冷、热点区分别分布在沙地东、西部;Ⅱ类易溶盐离子包括Cl-和NH4+,冷、热点区不显著;Ⅲ类易溶盐离子包括SO42-和NO3-,冷、热点区与Ⅰ类易溶盐离子相反。从Ⅰ类到Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类易溶盐离子,其标准差椭圆重心不断向东偏移。包括HCO3-、Ca2+在内的Ⅰ类易溶盐离子的空间分布主要受控于气候因素,而NO3-受人类畜牧活动的影响显著。主要离子HCO3-、Ca2+来源于碳酸盐岩溶解,而NO3-来源于人为污染,其他非主要离子则来源于粉尘、降水和硅酸盐岩风化。

关键词: 浑善达克沙地, 地表沉积物, 易溶盐, 水化学, 影响因素

Abstract:

Soluble salts in surface sediments of deserts and sandy lands exert profound impacts on regional rock weathering and global salt cycling, and also act as a critical trigger for soil salinization. Their spatial distribution patterns are primarily governed by climatic factors. Nevertheless, the dominant controlling factors remain unclear for sandy lands in eastern China that experience intense human activities. In this study, hydrochemical parameters and ten major ions were measured from 78 surface sediment samples collected in the Hunshandake Sandy Land. Cold-hot spot analysis, standard deviational ellipse and bivariate plots were adopted to explore the spatial distribution patterns and influencing factors of various ions. The results show that the average total dissolved solids and pH value are 15.61 mg·L⁻¹ and 5.88 respectively. The water chemistry belongs to the bicarbonate-carbonate type and calcium group classified by Alekin method. Obvious spatial differentiation of soluble salts exists between the western and eastern parts of the sandy land. The western area is dominated by HCO3⁻and Ca2+ with low NO3⁻ concentration, corresponding to Alekin Type I water. Influenced by human activities, NO3⁻ content rises distinctly in the eastern region, which is categorized as Alekin Type II and Type III water. All soluble ions are classified into three groups based on spatial distribution characteristics. Group I consists of HCO3⁻, Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, K+ and F-, with cold and hot spots distributed across the western and eastern sandy land. Group II includes Cl- and NH4+, showing insignificant cold-hot spot differentiation. Group III comprises SO42- and NO3⁻, whose cold and hot spots present an opposite distribution pattern to Group I. The gravity center of standard deviational ellipses shifts gradually eastward from Group I to Group II and Group III. Climatic factors primarily control the spatial distribution of Group I ions including HCO3⁻ and Ca2+, while NO3⁻ is strongly affected by livestock breeding activities. Major ions HCO3⁻ and Ca2+ derive from carbonate rock dissolution, NO3⁻ originates from anthropogenic pollution, and other minor ions are sourced from atmospheric dust, precipitation and silicate rock weathering.

Key words: Hunshandake Sandy Land, surface sediment, soluble salts, hydrochemistry, influencing factors

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