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中国沙漠 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 336-347.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2026.00025

• • 上一篇    

1982—2020年黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错带土壤风蚀的时空变化及其主控因素

严云籍1(), 白飞2, 张加琼1,3(), 安鑫1, 范晓强1, 王椰1,3   

  1. 1.西北农林科技大学 水土保持科学与工程学院/水土保持与荒漠化整治全国重点实验室,陕西 杨凌 712100
    2.榆林市水土保持生态工程建设中心,陕西 榆林 719000
    3.中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西 杨凌 712100
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-31 修回日期:2026-02-11 出版日期:2026-03-20 发布日期:2026-04-13
  • 通讯作者: 张加琼
  • 作者简介:严云籍(2000—),女,云南丘北人,硕士研究生,主要从事土壤侵蚀研究。E-mail: 2019011610@nwsuaf.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U2243210);国家自然科学基金面上项目(42577396)

Spatiotemporal variations in wind erosion intensity and their main impact factors in the wind-water erosion crisscross region of the Loess Plateau from 1982 to 2020

Yunji Yan1(), Fei Bai2, Jiaqiong Zhang1,3(), Xin An1, Xiaoqiang Fan1, Ye Wang1,3   

  1. 1.College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering / State Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Control,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China
    2.Yulin Engineering Construction Center of Soil and Water Conservation Ecological,Yulin 719000,Shaanxi,China
    3.Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China
  • Received:2025-12-31 Revised:2026-02-11 Online:2026-03-20 Published:2026-04-13
  • Contact: Jiaqiong Zhang

摘要:

在退耕还林(草)等生态工程持续实施背景下,黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错带土壤风蚀强度与格局均明显改变。然而,目前缺乏该区域土壤风蚀强度和格局的系统评估,难以支撑变化环境下的风蚀精准防控。本文采用RWEQ估算1982—2020年的逐年风蚀模数,解析其时空演变及主控因素。结果表明:1982年以来区域年均风蚀模数可分为波动下降(1982—1989)、相对稳定(1990—2000)、快速下降(2001—2008)和低值稳定(2009—2020)4个阶段,阶段四的年均风蚀模数(681.8 t·km-2·a-1)较阶段一降低73.3%。各阶段春季均为风蚀高发期,风蚀量平均占全年的53.5%。近40年来,风蚀强度显著减小区域面积占比超过80%,尤其是中部地区风蚀强度显著减小的面积达该地区总面积的98.1%。此外,聚集分布于西北部和北部地区的中度及以上和强烈及以上风蚀区明显减少,二者在全区域的面积占比分别从阶段一的22.4%和12.9%降至阶段四的6.7%和2.8%。近40年来,土壤风蚀强度空间分异主要受土壤性质、气候变化与植被覆盖共同影响,退耕还林(草)等生态工程的实施使区域植被覆盖度平均提高16.5%,其对风蚀强度降低的贡献从29.6%升高到62.1%,植被建设的风蚀防控效应显著。

关键词: 水蚀风蚀交错带, RWEQ, 风蚀强度, 时空变化, 影响因素

Abstract:

The temporal and spatial patterns of soil erosion intensity in the wind-water erosion crisscross region of the Loess Plateau have obviously changed with the continuous implementation of ecological restoration projects represented by Grain-for-Green Program. However, understanding of the spatiotemporal variation in wind erosion intensity remains limited, hindering the development of precise and targeted control strategies under changing environmental conditions. This study applied the Revised Wind Erosion Equation (RWEQ) to estimate annual wind erosion modulus from 1982 to 2020, to clarify spatiotemporal variation in wind erosion intensity, and to determine its main impact factors. The results showed that annual wind erosion modulus exhibited four distinct stages since 1982, which were fluctuating decline (1982-1989), relative stability (1990-2000), rapid decline (2001-2008), and low-value stability (2009-2020) stages. The mean modulus in the fourth stage (681.8 t·km-2·a-1) reduced by 73.3% compared to that of the first stage. Spring was consistently the high-risk season of wind erosion in all phases, accounting for 53.5% of annual total erosion modulus. In the past four decades, areas with significant reduction of wind erosion intensity exceeded 80% of the study region, particularly in the central area, where 98.1% of this area showed significant reduction in wind erosion intensity. The area of above-moderate and above-severe erosion concentrated in the northwest and north decreased from 22.4% and 12.9% in the first stage to 6.7% and 2.8% in the fourth stage, respectively. The spatial variation in wind erosion intensity was jointly influenced by soil properties, climate, and vegetation cover. However, the impact of vegetation cover attributed to ecosystem restoration projects such as the Grain-for-Green Program increased from 29.6% to 62.1% with mean vegetation cover increasing by 16.5% in the past four decades, which indicated substantial environmental improvements induced by ecological restoration.

Key words: wind-water erosion crisscross region, Revised Wind Erosion Equation (RWEQ), wind erosion intensity, spatiotemporal variation, impact factors

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