A review on microbial community assembly in biological soil crusts

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2021.00137

Journal of Desert Research ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (6): 33-43.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2021.00137

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A review on microbial community assembly in biological soil crusts

Jingting Bao¹^,²^,³(), Jingyao Sun³, Jin Wang³()

^1.School of Biological and Environmental Engineering，Xi'an University，Xi'an 710065，China
^2.School of Life Science and Engineering，Lanzhou University of Technology，Lanzhou 730050，China
^3.Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station，Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Lanzhou 730000，China

Received:2021-09-04 Revised:2021-10-29 Online:2022-11-20 Published:2023-01-09
Contact: Jin Wang

Abstract

Abstract:

Biological soil crusts （also known as biocrusts） are the link structures between surface biotic components and abiotic components in deserts. Biocrusts are not only the "hot spots" of biodiversity in deserts， but also the "engineers" for the restoration of degraded ecosystems. The colonization of biocrusts not only can stabilize the surface， affect soil hydrological process and play an important role in pedogenesis， but also can affect soil carbon and nitrogen cycles in deserts. As microorganisms （cyanobacteria， bacteria， fungi， archaea， etc.） play an important role in the formation and ecological function of biocrusts， this paper systematically summarized the composition and community assembly of microorganisms in biocrusts in cold deserts， cool deserts and hot deserts， and clarified the main microbial species at different succession stages of biocrusts in different bioclimatic regions at global scale. The existing problems were also discussed. Finally， the authors suggested to focus on microbial interactions and identify the key hub microbial species by co-occurrence ecological network analysis， which will help select potential efficient inoculums for cultivating artificial biocrusts and promoting the restoration of degraded ecosystems.

Key words: bioclimatic regions, biological soil crusts, microbial community assembly, global change

CLC Number:

Q938.1

Jingting Bao, Jingyao Sun, Jin Wang. A review on microbial community assembly in biological soil crusts[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2022, 42(6): 33-43.

Figures/Tables 4

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演替阶段	气候区
演替阶段	寒漠	冷漠	热漠
藻结皮	Microcoleus vaginatus和M. steenstrupii (科罗拉多高原的寒漠，犹他州)^[14] Synechococcales (Leptolyngbya antarctica) Oscillatoriales， Nostocales, Gloeobacterales， Chroococcidiopsidales(北极的Petunia湾)^[15]	Microcoleus vaginatus， Microcoleus steenstrupii， Chroococcidiopsis， Nostoc， Scytonema (古尔班通古特沙漠)^[16] Microcoleus， Mastigocladopsis， Wilmottia， Chroococcidiopsis (腾格里沙漠)^[17] Microcoleus， Tolypothrix， Wilmottia， Scytonema (克孜勒库姆沙漠)^[17] Microcoleus， Vaginatus， Chroococcidiopsis， M. steenstrupii， Leptolyngbya， Scytonema， Tolypothrix和 Nostoc (东伊比利亚半岛)^[10]	Microcoleus vaginatus， M. steenstrupii， Leptolyngbya spp.和Phormidium spp.(浅色结皮)； M. vaginatus， M. steenstrupii， Nostoc spp.，和Scytonema spp.(深色结皮) (奇瓦瓦沙漠)^[19]; Chroococcidiopsis sp.， Pseudanbaena spp.， Phormidium spp.， Leptolyngbya spp.， Microcoleus paludosus，和Nostoc spp. (纳米布沙漠)^[20]; Synechococcophycidae， Oscillatoriophycideae， Nostocophycidae (阿塔卡马沙漠)^[22]; Microcoleus like， Leptolyngbya， Chroococcidiopsis， Nostoc， Scytonema， Trichocoleus (内盖夫沙漠)^[21]
地衣结皮	Synechococcales， Oscillatoriales (Phormidium sp. )， Nostocales， Chroococcidiopsidales， Gloeobacterales， Chroococcales (北极的Petunia湾)^[15]	Microcoleus vaginatus， Microcoleus steenstrupii， Chroococcidiopsis， Nostoc， Scytonema (古尔班通古特沙漠)^[16]	Oscillatoriales (Microcoleus， Lyngbya， Phormidium， Oscillatoria)和Nostocales (Nostoc， Scytonema， Tolypothrix) (蒙特沙漠)^[23]
藻-地衣结皮	Synechococcales (Leptolyngbya sp.和Leptolyngbya antarctica)， Oscillatoriales， Nostocales， Gloeobacterales， Chroococcidiopsidales (北极的Petunia湾)^[15]	Microcoleus vaginatus， Microcoleus steenstrupii， Chroococcidiopsis， Nostoc， Scytonema (古尔班通古特沙漠)^[16]	Scytonema和Microcoleus steenstrupii (索诺拉沙漠)^[27]; Chroococcidiopsis， Pseudoanabaena， Phormidium， Leptolyngbya， Microcoleus和Nostoc (非洲的卡鲁沙漠)^[23]
地衣-藓结皮	Pseudanabaenaceae (filamentous species without heterocytes)和Nostoc (heterocytous) (北极苔原土壤)^[28]	Nostocales (Scytonema and Nostoc)和Pseudanabaenaceae (西班牙塔韦纳斯沙漠)^[18]; Microcoleus vaginatus， Microcoleus steenstrupii， Chroococcidiopsis和Scytonema (古尔班通古特沙漠)^[16]; Microcoleus， Mastigocladopsis， Wilmottia， uncultured_Nostocales， uncultured_Coleofasciculaceae， Nostoc (腾格里沙漠)^[17]; Microcoleus， Mastigocladopsis， Tolypothrix， Wilmottia， Phormidium， uncultured_Nostocales (克孜勒库姆沙漠)^[17]	—
藓结皮	—	Microcoleus， Mastigocladopsis， Wilmottia， uncultured_Coleofasciculaceae， uncultured_Nostocales， Nostoc (腾格里沙漠)^[17] Microcoleus， Wilmottia， Mastigocladopsis， Tolypothrix， uncultured_Nostocales， uncultured_Coleofasciculaceae (克孜勒库姆沙漠)^[17]	—

演替阶段	气候区
演替阶段	寒漠	冷漠	热漠
藻结皮	Microcoleus vaginatus和M. steenstrupii (科罗拉多高原的寒漠，犹他州)^[14] Synechococcales (Leptolyngbya antarctica) Oscillatoriales， Nostocales, Gloeobacterales， Chroococcidiopsidales(北极的Petunia湾)^[15]	Microcoleus vaginatus， Microcoleus steenstrupii， Chroococcidiopsis， Nostoc， Scytonema (古尔班通古特沙漠)^[16] Microcoleus， Mastigocladopsis， Wilmottia， Chroococcidiopsis (腾格里沙漠)^[17] Microcoleus， Tolypothrix， Wilmottia， Scytonema (克孜勒库姆沙漠)^[17] Microcoleus， Vaginatus， Chroococcidiopsis， M. steenstrupii， Leptolyngbya， Scytonema， Tolypothrix和 Nostoc (东伊比利亚半岛)^[10]	Microcoleus vaginatus， M. steenstrupii， Leptolyngbya spp.和Phormidium spp.(浅色结皮)； M. vaginatus， M. steenstrupii， Nostoc spp.，和Scytonema spp.(深色结皮) (奇瓦瓦沙漠)^[19]; Chroococcidiopsis sp.， Pseudanbaena spp.， Phormidium spp.， Leptolyngbya spp.， Microcoleus paludosus，和Nostoc spp. (纳米布沙漠)^[20]; Synechococcophycidae， Oscillatoriophycideae， Nostocophycidae (阿塔卡马沙漠)^[22]; Microcoleus like， Leptolyngbya， Chroococcidiopsis， Nostoc， Scytonema， Trichocoleus (内盖夫沙漠)^[21]
地衣结皮	Synechococcales， Oscillatoriales (Phormidium sp. )， Nostocales， Chroococcidiopsidales， Gloeobacterales， Chroococcales (北极的Petunia湾)^[15]	Microcoleus vaginatus， Microcoleus steenstrupii， Chroococcidiopsis， Nostoc， Scytonema (古尔班通古特沙漠)^[16]	Oscillatoriales (Microcoleus， Lyngbya， Phormidium， Oscillatoria)和Nostocales (Nostoc， Scytonema， Tolypothrix) (蒙特沙漠)^[23]
藻-地衣结皮	Synechococcales (Leptolyngbya sp.和Leptolyngbya antarctica)， Oscillatoriales， Nostocales， Gloeobacterales， Chroococcidiopsidales (北极的Petunia湾)^[15]	Microcoleus vaginatus， Microcoleus steenstrupii， Chroococcidiopsis， Nostoc， Scytonema (古尔班通古特沙漠)^[16]	Scytonema和Microcoleus steenstrupii (索诺拉沙漠)^[27]; Chroococcidiopsis， Pseudoanabaena， Phormidium， Leptolyngbya， Microcoleus和Nostoc (非洲的卡鲁沙漠)^[23]
地衣-藓结皮	Pseudanabaenaceae (filamentous species without heterocytes)和Nostoc (heterocytous) (北极苔原土壤)^[28]	Nostocales (Scytonema and Nostoc)和Pseudanabaenaceae (西班牙塔韦纳斯沙漠)^[18]; Microcoleus vaginatus， Microcoleus steenstrupii， Chroococcidiopsis和Scytonema (古尔班通古特沙漠)^[16]; Microcoleus， Mastigocladopsis， Wilmottia， uncultured_Nostocales， uncultured_Coleofasciculaceae， Nostoc (腾格里沙漠)^[17]; Microcoleus， Mastigocladopsis， Tolypothrix， Wilmottia， Phormidium， uncultured_Nostocales (克孜勒库姆沙漠)^[17]	—
藓结皮	—	Microcoleus， Mastigocladopsis， Wilmottia， uncultured_Coleofasciculaceae， uncultured_Nostocales， Nostoc (腾格里沙漠)^[17] Microcoleus， Wilmottia， Mastigocladopsis， Tolypothrix， uncultured_Nostocales， uncultured_Coleofasciculaceae (克孜勒库姆沙漠)^[17]	—

演替阶段	气候区
演替阶段	寒漠	冷漠	热漠
藻结藻结皮	Actinobacteria， β-Proteobacteria， Bacteriodetes， Low-GC Gram-positives (Bacilli)， α-Proteobacteria， Acidobacteria和Thermomicrobiales (科罗拉多高原的寒漠，犹他州)^[14]	Actinobacteria，Proteobacteria， Firmicutes， Chloroflexi， Acidobacteria，Cyanobacteria， Gemmatimonadetes， Bacteroidetes (腾格里沙漠)^[45]; Cyanobacteria， Bacteroidetes， Proteobacteria， unclassified bacteria， Actinobacteria (古尔班通古特沙漠)^[46]; Leptolyngbya (Cyanobacteria)， Rubrobacter， Solirubrobacter， Geodermatophilus (Actinomycetes) (塔韦纳斯沙漠)^[39]	Rhizobiales (phylum Proteobacteria)， Chroococcales， Nostocophycideae (Cyanobacteria) (西澳)^[47]; Cyanobacteria， Alphaproteobacteria， Bacteroidetes， Chloroflexi， Actinobacteria， Acidobacteria (阿曼)^[29]; Cyanobacteria， Proteobacteria， Bacteroidetes， Acidobacteria (莫哈韦沙漠)^[48]
地衣结皮	Actinobacteria， Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria， Firmicutes， Armatimonadetes Cyanobacteria， Bacteroidetes和Planctomycetes（南极洲大陆维多利亚岛)^[49]	Proteobacteria， Actinobacteria， Chloroflexi， Cyanobacteria， Bacteroidetes， Planctomycetes， Acidobacteria， Armatimonadetes (腾格里沙漠)^[50]; Cyanobacteria， Proteobacteria， Bacteroidetes， unclassified bacteria， Acidobacteria， Actinobacteria， Verrucomicrobia (古尔班通古特沙漠)^[46]; Proteobacteria， Actinobacteria， Bacteroidetes， Acidobacteria， Cyanobacteria and Verrucomicrobia (西班牙塔韦纳斯沙漠)^[31]	Acidobacteriales (phylum Acidobacteria)， Rhodospirillales (Proteobacteria)， Actinomycetales (Actinobacteria)和unclassified Proteobacteria (西澳)^[47]; Cyanobacteria， Bacteroidetes， Acidobacteria， Alphaproteobacteria， Actinobacteria， Chloroflexi (阿曼)^[29]
藻-地衣结皮	—	Nostocales， Chroococcidiopsaceae， Coleofasciculaceae (Cyanobacteria) (塔韦纳斯沙漠)^[39]	Cyanobacteria (Scytonema and Microcoleus steenstrupii)， Proteobacteria (β-Proteobacteria)， Actinobacteria， Bacteriodetes，和Chloroflexi (索诺拉沙漠)^[27]; Cyanobacteria， Proteobacteria， Bacteroidetes， Chloroflexi， Armatimonadetes (莫哈韦沙漠)^[48]; Bacteroidetes， Proteobacteria， Actinobacteria， Cyanobacteria， Acidobacteria， Chloroflexi， Verrucomicrobia和Planctomycetes (非洲的卡鲁沙漠)^[32]
地衣-藓结皮	Cyanobacteria， Bacteroidetes， Proteobacteria， Actinobacteria， Chloroflexi， Acidobacteria (美国峡谷国家公园)^[51];Actinobacteria， Bacteroidetes， Proteobacteria， Cyanobacteria， Firmicutes， Verrucomicrobia， Acidobacteria， Chloroflexi (美国西部山间寒漠)^[52]; Cyanobacteria， Actinobacteria， Bacteriodetes， Chloroflexi和Proteobacteria (科罗拉多高原的寒漠)^[53]	Actinobacteria， Proteobacteria， Chloroflexi， Cyanobacteria， Acidobacteria， Firmicutes， Bacteroidetes (腾格里沙漠)^[45]	Cyanobacteria， Proteobacteria， Bacteroidetes， Actinobacteria和Acidobacteria (奇瓦瓦沙漠的Actopan和Atexcac地区)^[54]
藓结皮	—	Proteobacteria， Bacteroidetes， unclassified bacteria， Actinobacteria， Cyanobacteria， Acidobacteria， Verrucomicrobia (古尔班通古特沙漠)^[46]; Bacteroidetes， Acidobacteria和Proteobacteria (新墨西哥桑迪亚山脉)^[34]; Acidobacteria， Proteobacteria， Chloroflexi， Actinobacteria (黄土高原)^[33]	Proteobacteria， Actinobacteria， Acidobacteria， Chloroflexi， Bacteroidetes， Cyanobacteria， Deinococcus-Thermus， Planctomycetes (莫哈韦沙漠)^[48]; Bacteroidetes， Proteobacteria， Actinobacteria， Cyanobacteria， Acidobacteria， Chloroflexi， Verrucomicrobia和Planctomycetes (非洲卡鲁沙漠)^[32]

演替阶段	气候区
演替阶段	寒漠	冷漠	热漠
藻结藻结皮	Actinobacteria， β-Proteobacteria， Bacteriodetes， Low-GC Gram-positives (Bacilli)， α-Proteobacteria， Acidobacteria和Thermomicrobiales (科罗拉多高原的寒漠，犹他州)^[14]	Actinobacteria，Proteobacteria， Firmicutes， Chloroflexi， Acidobacteria，Cyanobacteria， Gemmatimonadetes， Bacteroidetes (腾格里沙漠)^[45]; Cyanobacteria， Bacteroidetes， Proteobacteria， unclassified bacteria， Actinobacteria (古尔班通古特沙漠)^[46]; Leptolyngbya (Cyanobacteria)， Rubrobacter， Solirubrobacter， Geodermatophilus (Actinomycetes) (塔韦纳斯沙漠)^[39]	Rhizobiales (phylum Proteobacteria)， Chroococcales， Nostocophycideae (Cyanobacteria) (西澳)^[47]; Cyanobacteria， Alphaproteobacteria， Bacteroidetes， Chloroflexi， Actinobacteria， Acidobacteria (阿曼)^[29]; Cyanobacteria， Proteobacteria， Bacteroidetes， Acidobacteria (莫哈韦沙漠)^[48]
地衣结皮	Actinobacteria， Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria， Firmicutes， Armatimonadetes Cyanobacteria， Bacteroidetes和Planctomycetes（南极洲大陆维多利亚岛)^[49]	Proteobacteria， Actinobacteria， Chloroflexi， Cyanobacteria， Bacteroidetes， Planctomycetes， Acidobacteria， Armatimonadetes (腾格里沙漠)^[50]; Cyanobacteria， Proteobacteria， Bacteroidetes， unclassified bacteria， Acidobacteria， Actinobacteria， Verrucomicrobia (古尔班通古特沙漠)^[46]; Proteobacteria， Actinobacteria， Bacteroidetes， Acidobacteria， Cyanobacteria and Verrucomicrobia (西班牙塔韦纳斯沙漠)^[31]	Acidobacteriales (phylum Acidobacteria)， Rhodospirillales (Proteobacteria)， Actinomycetales (Actinobacteria)和unclassified Proteobacteria (西澳)^[47]; Cyanobacteria， Bacteroidetes， Acidobacteria， Alphaproteobacteria， Actinobacteria， Chloroflexi (阿曼)^[29]
藻-地衣结皮	—	Nostocales， Chroococcidiopsaceae， Coleofasciculaceae (Cyanobacteria) (塔韦纳斯沙漠)^[39]	Cyanobacteria (Scytonema and Microcoleus steenstrupii)， Proteobacteria (β-Proteobacteria)， Actinobacteria， Bacteriodetes，和Chloroflexi (索诺拉沙漠)^[27]; Cyanobacteria， Proteobacteria， Bacteroidetes， Chloroflexi， Armatimonadetes (莫哈韦沙漠)^[48]; Bacteroidetes， Proteobacteria， Actinobacteria， Cyanobacteria， Acidobacteria， Chloroflexi， Verrucomicrobia和Planctomycetes (非洲的卡鲁沙漠)^[32]
地衣-藓结皮	Cyanobacteria， Bacteroidetes， Proteobacteria， Actinobacteria， Chloroflexi， Acidobacteria (美国峡谷国家公园)^[51];Actinobacteria， Bacteroidetes， Proteobacteria， Cyanobacteria， Firmicutes， Verrucomicrobia， Acidobacteria， Chloroflexi (美国西部山间寒漠)^[52]; Cyanobacteria， Actinobacteria， Bacteriodetes， Chloroflexi和Proteobacteria (科罗拉多高原的寒漠)^[53]	Actinobacteria， Proteobacteria， Chloroflexi， Cyanobacteria， Acidobacteria， Firmicutes， Bacteroidetes (腾格里沙漠)^[45]	Cyanobacteria， Proteobacteria， Bacteroidetes， Actinobacteria和Acidobacteria (奇瓦瓦沙漠的Actopan和Atexcac地区)^[54]
藓结皮	—	Proteobacteria， Bacteroidetes， unclassified bacteria， Actinobacteria， Cyanobacteria， Acidobacteria， Verrucomicrobia (古尔班通古特沙漠)^[46]; Bacteroidetes， Acidobacteria和Proteobacteria (新墨西哥桑迪亚山脉)^[34]; Acidobacteria， Proteobacteria， Chloroflexi， Actinobacteria (黄土高原)^[33]	Proteobacteria， Actinobacteria， Acidobacteria， Chloroflexi， Bacteroidetes， Cyanobacteria， Deinococcus-Thermus， Planctomycetes (莫哈韦沙漠)^[48]; Bacteroidetes， Proteobacteria， Actinobacteria， Cyanobacteria， Acidobacteria， Chloroflexi， Verrucomicrobia和Planctomycetes (非洲卡鲁沙漠)^[32]

演替阶段	气候区
演替阶段	寒漠	冷漠	热漠
藻结皮	Ascomycota， Sordariomycetes， Pezizomycetes和Basidiomycota (科罗拉多高原的寒漠，犹他州)^[61-62]	Ascomycota， unclassified_Fungi， Basidiomycota Chytridiomycota和Zygomycota (腾格里沙漠)^[45]; Dothideomycetes， Eurotiomycetes， Lecanoromycetes (古尔班通古特沙漠)^[37]	Ascomycota (Dothideomycetes， Eurotiomycetes)， Basidiomycota和Chytridiomycota (阿曼)^[29，68]; Ascomycota (莫哈韦沙漠)^[48]
地衣结皮	Ascomycota， Pezizomycetes， Basidiomycota， Sordariomycetes， Tremellomycetes和Leotiomycetes (科罗拉多高原的寒漠，犹他州)^[61]	Ascomycota， no_rank_Fungi， unclassified_Fungi， Basidiomycota， Chytridiomycota和Zygomycota (腾格里沙漠)^[50]; Eurotiomycetes， Lecanoromycetes和unidentified Ascomycota (古尔班通古特沙漠)^[37]	Ascomycota (Dothideomycetes， Eurotiomycetes)， Basidiomycota和Chytridiomycota (阿曼)^[29，68]; Ascomycota， Pezizomycetes， Basidiomycota和Eurotiomycetes (奇瓦瓦沙漠)^[61]; Sordariomycetes， Ascomycota， Lichinomycetes， Pezizomycetes和Basidiomycota (索诺拉沙漠)^[61]
藻-地衣结皮	—	—	Ascomycota， Sordariomycetes， Pezizomycetes和Eurotiomycetes (奇瓦瓦沙漠)^[61]
藓结皮	—	Ascomycota， Basidiomycota， unclassified_Fungi， Chytridiomycota和Zygomycota (腾格里沙漠)^[45]; Penicillium和Alternaria(可培养真菌)， Unidentified Ascomycota， Eurotiomycetes和Dothideomycetes (不可培养真菌) (古尔班通古特沙漠)^{[37， 69]}; Ascomycota和Basidiomycota (黄土高原)^[33]	Ascomycota (莫哈韦沙漠)^[48]

A review on microbial community assembly in biological soil crusts

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