The influence of vegetation coverage on the wind sand flow structure and sediment transport rate

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2023.00088

Journal of Desert Research ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (2): 25-34.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2023.00088

The influence of vegetation coverage on the wind sand flow structure and sediment transport rate

Ziyi Bai(), Zhibao Dong(), Weige Nan, Fengjun Xiao, Chao Li, Tianjie Shao, Lingling Kong, Xiaokang Liu, Aiming Liang, Zheng Chi

School of Geography and Tourism，Shaanxi Normal University，Xi'an 710119，China

Received:2023-05-19 Revised:2023-06-19 Online:2024-03-20 Published:2024-03-19
Contact: Zhibao Dong

Abstract

Abstract:

Soil wind erosion is an important threat to the global ecological and environmental security of arid and semi-arid area. Vegetation can effectively reduce the risk of soil wind erosion by reducing wind speed and capturing soil particles. At present， people's understanding of the optimal pattern and coverage of vegetation controlling soil wind erosion still needs to be deepened. With the help of a mobile wind tunnel in the field， this article measured the response of surface sediment transport rate and wind sand flow structure to the coverage of herbaceous plants （Astragalus adsurgens）. The results show that：（1） When the vegetation coverage is small， the distribution curve of wind sand flow structure follows the exponential function distribution law. With the increase of vegetation coverage， the curve shape appears differentiation. （2） Vegetation coverage can effectively reduce the intensity of soil wind erosion and raise the height of sand transport. （3） The surface aerodynamic roughness and vegetation coverage follow a logarithmic function variation law， and their growth rate gradually decreases and eventually approaches zero with the increase of vegetation coverage. There is a threshold phenomenon in the aerodynamic roughness of the underlying surface. （4） The optimal coverage of Astragalus adsurgens for controlling soil wind erosion is about 30%， which can effectively suppress about 90% of wind erosion below a height of 20 cm.

Key words: vegetation coverage, wind sand flow structure, aerodynamic roughness, Astragalus adsurgens, mobile wind tunnel

CLC Number:

K903

Ziyi Bai, Zhibao Dong, Weige Nan, Fengjun Xiao, Chao Li, Tianjie Shao, Lingling Kong, Xiaokang Liu, Aiming Liang, Zheng Chi. The influence of vegetation coverage on the wind sand flow structure and sediment transport rate[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2024, 44(2): 25-34.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig.1 Layout of the experimental section of the wind tunnel

Fig.2 Overview of experimental equipment and experimental plot

Fig.3 Distribution of wind and sand flow structure of Astragalus adsurgens with different vegetation coverage under three layouts

Table 1 Distribution of sand flow structure of Astragalus adsurgens under different vegetation coverage under layout of one line

分类	高度/ cm	植被盖度10%		植被盖度20%		植被盖度30%		植被盖度40%
分类	高度/ cm	输沙量 /（g·cm^-2·min^-1）	占比 /%	输沙量 /（g·cm^-2·min^-1）	占比 /%	输沙量 /（g·cm^-2·min^-1）	占比 /%	输沙量 /（g·cm^-2·min^-1）	占比 /%
低层	2	0.409	8.87	0.060	5.10	0.002	2.69	0.002	3.67
	4	0.587	12.74	0.0.70	5.93	0.002	2.86	0.002	4.26
	6	0.455	9.87	0.125	10.61	0.002	2.41	0.001	3.13
	8	0.394	8.55	0.112	9.56	0.002	2.77	0.001	1.83
	10	0.362	7.85	0.091	7.78	0.003	4.77	0.002	3.50
中层	12	0.353	7.66	0.088	7.50	0.004	5.97	0.002	4.52
	14	0.318	6.89	0.085	7.24	0.004	5.28	0.002	3.72
	16	0.289	6.28	0.074	6.31	0.005	6.97	0.003	5.69
	18	0.277	6.01	0.074	6.27	0.007	9.10	0.003	6.61
	20	0.255	5.54	0.071	6.06	0.006	8.49	0.004	8.17
高层	22	0.245	5.32	0.068	5.81	0.007	9.55	0.004	7.87
	24	0.229	4.97	0.068	5.75	0.008	11.39	0.004	8.17
	26	0.199	4.31	0.061	5.21	0.007	10.39	0.006	13.15
	28	0.147	3.18	0.061	5.17	0.006	8.71	0.006	12.71
	30	0.091	1.97	0.067	5.69	0.006	8.64	0.006	13.00
合计		4.609	100	1.176	100	0.072	100	0.046	100

Fig.4 Relationship between vegetation coverage and sediment transport rate under three layouts

Table 2 Sediment transport rates under different vegetation coverage under three layouts （kg·m-1 ·h-1 ）

植被盖度 /%	植被布局
植被盖度 /%	一行一带	两行一带	交叉布局
10	55.31	12.60	13.43
20	14.11	3.60	2.03
30	0.86	1.64	1.76
40	0.55	0.97	0.46

Table 3 Wind erosion inhibition efficiency of different vegetation coverage （%）

植被盖度 /%	植被布局
植被盖度 /%	一行一带	两行一带	交叉布局
10	17.55	72.44	72.83
20	59.60	89.33	92.84
30	97.31	92.71	94.54
40	98.55	96.55	98.34

Table 4 Aerodynamic roughness under different vegetation coverage under three layouts

植被布局	植被盖度/%	高度/cm					拟合函数	b	a	z $0'$ /cm	z₀/cm
植被布局	植被盖度/%	1	5	10	20	30	拟合函数	b	a	z $0'$ /cm	z₀/cm
一行一带	10	2.87	5.36	6.67	8.57	10.31	y=3.2437x+14.046	3.24	14.05	1.2564	1.32
	20	4.83	5.46	5.81	7.23	10.07	y=3.678x+13.975	3.68	13.98	2.1779	2.24
	30	1.11	2.11	3.48	7.10	10.09	y=5.9326x+17.009	5.93	17.01	5.6267	5.69
	40	0.84	0.86	2.59	6.71	9.78	y=6.4724x+17.397	6.47	17.40	6.7425	6.80
两行一带	10	5.24	6.10	6.74	7.82	9.54	y=2.4401x+12.195	2.44	12.20	0.6153	0.68
	20	1.13	1.61	3.19	6.60	9.50	y=6.63x+17.35	6.63	17.35	5.7722	5.83
	30	1.20	1.48	2.19	6.39	9.55	y=5.6588x+16.081	5.66	16.08	7.2429	7.30
	40	0.54	0.71	1.40	6.02	9.54	y=7.3276x+18.15	7.33	18.15	8.3400	8.40
交叉布局	10	5.22	6.01	6.70	7.76	9.46	y=2.411x+12.083	2.41	12.08	0.6060	0.67
	20	2.82	3.60	4.72	7.43	10.27	y=4.9216x+15.867	4.92	15.87	3.9197	3.98
	30	1.52	2.23	3.14	6.75	10.06	y=6.1828x+17.192	6.18	17.19	6.1400	6.20
	40	1.70	1.28	2.10	5.79	9.63	y=6.6864x+17.244	6.69	17.24	7.5252	7.59

Table 4 Aerodynamic roughness under different vegetation coverage under three layouts

植被布局	植被盖度/%	高度/cm					拟合函数	b	a	z $0'$ /cm	z₀/cm
植被布局	植被盖度/%	1	5	10	20	30	拟合函数	b	a	z $0'$ /cm	z₀/cm
一行一带	10	2.87	5.36	6.67	8.57	10.31	y=3.2437x+14.046	3.24	14.05	1.2564	1.32
	20	4.83	5.46	5.81	7.23	10.07	y=3.678x+13.975	3.68	13.98	2.1779	2.24
	30	1.11	2.11	3.48	7.10	10.09	y=5.9326x+17.009	5.93	17.01	5.6267	5.69
	40	0.84	0.86	2.59	6.71	9.78	y=6.4724x+17.397	6.47	17.40	6.7425	6.80
两行一带	10	5.24	6.10	6.74	7.82	9.54	y=2.4401x+12.195	2.44	12.20	0.6153	0.68
	20	1.13	1.61	3.19	6.60	9.50	y=6.63x+17.35	6.63	17.35	5.7722	5.83
	30	1.20	1.48	2.19	6.39	9.55	y=5.6588x+16.081	5.66	16.08	7.2429	7.30
	40	0.54	0.71	1.40	6.02	9.54	y=7.3276x+18.15	7.33	18.15	8.3400	8.40
交叉布局	10	5.22	6.01	6.70	7.76	9.46	y=2.411x+12.083	2.41	12.08	0.6060	0.67
	20	2.82	3.60	4.72	7.43	10.27	y=4.9216x+15.867	4.92	15.87	3.9197	3.98
	30	1.52	2.23	3.14	6.75	10.06	y=6.1828x+17.192	6.18	17.19	6.1400	6.20
	40	1.70	1.28	2.10	5.79	9.63	y=6.6864x+17.244	6.69	17.24	7.5252	7.59

Fig.5 Relationship between vegetation coverage and aerodynamic roughness （z0） under three layouts

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The influence of vegetation coverage on the wind sand flow structure and sediment transport rate

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