Morphological evolution and migration characteristics of a climbing dune in Mainling Great Valley section of Yarlung Zangbo River

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2024.00132

Journal of Desert Research ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6): 220-230.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2024.00132

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Morphological evolution and migration characteristics of a climbing dune in Mainling Great Valley section of Yarlung Zangbo River

Jiaqi Chu¹^,²(), Ping Yan²(), Zhizhu Su³, Wenjie Yuan¹^,², Xiaoxu Wang², Xiao Zhang², Huagang Zhao²

^1.MOE Engineering Research Center of Desertification and Blown-sand Control /, Beijing Normal University，Beijing 100875，China
^2.Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University，Beijing 100875，China
^3.School of History and Culture，Shanxi University，Taiyuan 030006，China

Received:2024-07-15 Revised:2024-09-23 Online:2024-11-20 Published:2024-12-06
Contact: Ping Yan

Abstract

Abstract:

The Yarlung Zangbo River basin has the ideal conditions for aeolian sand deposition， such as sand source， wind power and accumulation site， and aeolian geomorphology are widely distributed in the wide valley of the river. Based on high-resolution remote sensing images from 1970 to 2022 and meteorological data， this study analyzed the morphological evolution and migration characteristics of typical climbing dune in Mainling Great Valley section of Yarlung Zangbo River. The results showed that：（1） From 1970 to 2010， the overall scale of climbing dune in Maicun Village increased significantly， and then remained relatively stable. From 1970 to now， the surface sand ridges of climbing dunes are more and more densely distributed， and the intersection is more and more complicated. For the climbing dune as a whole， there is little correlation between the morphological parameters， but there is a good correlation between most of the morphological parameters of the surface sand ridges. （2） The prevailing wind direction in Mainling Counrty was N and NNE， while the sand-driving wind direction is SW and SSW. The resultant drift direction is 53.87°， and the region has experienced a low wind energy environment （DP=28.18 VU） and moderate wind direction variability （RDP/DP=0.72） over the years. （3） From 2010 to 2022， the sueface sand ridges of climbing dunes moved 15.71 m towards the NNE. The sand ridges migration rate is 0.23-26.79 m·a^-1， and the average migration rate is 2.57 m·a^-1. The low wind energy environment in the study area leads to slow sand ridges movement. Additionally， influenced by topography， near-surface air currents and large-scale wind conditions jointly govern the movement of the sand ridges， resulting in a discrepancy between their actual movement direction and the resultant drift direction. Terrain， wind conditions， vegetation， precipitation and the characteristics of the dunes themselves combine to create special climbing dune， making it a unique and eye-catching aeolian geomorphology landscape.

Key words: climbing dune, dune morphology, dune migration, dynamic change, Yarlung Zangbo River

CLC Number:

P931.3

Jiaqi Chu, Ping Yan, Zhizhu Su, Wenjie Yuan, Xiaoxu Wang, Xiao Zhang, Huagang Zhao. Morphological evolution and migration characteristics of a climbing dune in Mainling Great Valley section of Yarlung Zangbo River[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2024, 44(6): 220-230.

Figures/Tables 11

References 43

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年份	年降水量 /mm	平均风速 /（m·s^-1）	起沙风频t/%	输沙势DP/(VU)	合成输沙势RDP	输沙方向RDD	风向变率RDP/DP
2016	777.40	1.28	0.27	29.87	20.21	64.34	0.68
2017	688.00	1.26	0.20	27.88	20.04	50.10	0.72
2018	515.70	1.30	0.37	31.00	25.05	49.17	0.81
2019	703.40	1.28	0.37	31.05	22.21	51.35	0.72
2020	606.00	1.29	0.26	29.27	25.70	51.58	0.88
2021	588.10	1.47	0.57	24.33	18.50	51.69	0.76
2022	793.60	1.48	0.58	25.06	11.93	63.85	0.48

年份	年降水量 /mm	平均风速 /（m·s^-1）	起沙风频t/%	输沙势DP/(VU)	合成输沙势RDP	输沙方向RDD	风向变率RDP/DP
2016	777.40	1.28	0.27	29.87	20.21	64.34	0.68
2017	688.00	1.26	0.20	27.88	20.04	50.10	0.72
2018	515.70	1.30	0.37	31.00	25.05	49.17	0.81
2019	703.40	1.28	0.37	31.05	22.21	51.35	0.72
2020	606.00	1.29	0.26	29.27	25.70	51.58	0.88
2021	588.10	1.47	0.57	24.33	18.50	51.69	0.76
2022	793.60	1.48	0.58	25.06	11.93	63.85	0.48

年份	S_N/m²	S_S/m²	总面积/m²	L /m	W_max /m	W_min /m
1970	32 198.63	245 595.47	277 794.10	1 078.48	317.22	135.61
2010	32 967.54	278 355.07	311 322.62	1 098.74	371.88	145.44
2018	18 815.66	268 505.97	287 321.63	1 081.73	373.03	129.19
2019	16 541.98	275 037.95	291 579.93	1 079.02	375.66	134.55
2020	16 063.67	267 015.94	283 079.61	1 087.05	378.41	128.18
2021	15 052.05	267 657.16	282 709.21	1 091.07	366.99	122.49
2022	10 674.04	265 497.07	276 171.10	1 086.83	365.21	123.11

年份	S_N/m²	S_S/m²	总面积/m²	L /m	W_max /m	W_min /m
1970	32 198.63	245 595.47	277 794.10	1 078.48	317.22	135.61
2010	32 967.54	278 355.07	311 322.62	1 098.74	371.88	145.44
2018	18 815.66	268 505.97	287 321.63	1 081.73	373.03	129.19
2019	16 541.98	275 037.95	291 579.93	1 079.02	375.66	134.55
2020	16 063.67	267 015.94	283 079.61	1 087.05	378.41	128.18
2021	15 052.05	267 657.16	282 709.21	1 091.07	366.99	122.49
2022	10 674.04	265 497.07	276 171.10	1 086.83	365.21	123.11

年份	沙垄个数		“Y”形接头个数	脊线总长度/m	脊线平均长度/m	平均垄间距/m
年份	中部	顶部	“Y”形接头个数	脊线总长度/m	脊线平均长度/m	平均垄间距/m
1970	14	13	1	3 105.55	207.04	38.79
2010	18	14	3	4 362.77	256.63	31.93
2018	17	12	5	4 546.90	267.46	31.84
2019	18	13	6	4 676.48	259.80	30.63
2021	18	13	5	4 663.46	259.08	30.04
2022	18	13	8	4 649.59	258.31	30.70

Morphological evolution and migration characteristics of a climbing dune in Mainling Great Valley section of Yarlung Zangbo River

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Figures/Tables 11

References 43

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类型	参数	线性关系	相关系数
爬坡沙丘整体形态	投影面积与爬升长度	S_S = 783.08L - 583720.00	R² = 0.29
	投影面积与最大宽度	S_S = 446.22W_max + 104360.00	R² = 0.81
	投影面积与最小宽度	S_S = 251.87W_min + 233759.00	R² = 0.04
	爬升长度与最大宽度	L = 0.14W_max + 1036.90	R² = 0.16
	爬升长度与最小宽度	L = 0.20W_min + 1059.30	R² = 0.05
	沙丘最宽值与最窄值	W_max = -0.39W_min + 415.58	R² = 0.02
沙丘表层沙垄形态	脊线总长度与沙垄个数	L_r = 366.35N - 1954.90	R² = 0.92
	脊线总长度与平均长度	L_r = 27.01l_r - 2455.70	R² = 0.94
	脊线总长度与垄间距	L_r = -187.05d + 10380.00	R² = 0.99
	脊线总长度与“Y”形接头个数	Lr = 209.51M + 3356.40	R² = 0.68
	脊线平均长度与沙垄个数	l_r = 366.35N - 1954.90	R² = 0.83
	脊线平均长度与垄间距	l_r = -0.14d + 67.47	R² = 0.90
	脊线平均长度与“Y”形接头个数	l_r = 6.69M + 220.19	R² = 0.54
	垄间距与沙垄个数	d = -1.98N + 66.31	R² = 0.95
	垄间距与“Y”形接头个数	d = -1.08M + 37.36	R² = 0.65
	沙垄个数与“Y”形接头个数	N= 0.49M + 14.89	R² = 0.55

时间	方向	移动距离/m		沙丘个数
时间	方向	范围	均值	慢速移动	中速移动	快速移动	特别快速移动
2010—2018年	NNE	3.11~20.87	8.67	7	5	—	—
2018—2019年	SSW	0.23~12.50	6.44	1	2	6	1
2019—2021年	NNE	2.94~11.26	5.98	1	13	1	—
2021—2022年	NNE	1.23~26.79	7.50	2	2	9	2

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