Interaction effects and spatial effects of urban-rural economic integration and urban-rural spatial integration in Gansu Province

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00122

Journal of Desert Research ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 73-85.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00122

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Interaction effects and spatial effects of urban-rural economic integration and urban-rural spatial integration in Gansu Province

Chengyi Zheng(), Zhuo Jia(), Mingxing Wen

College of Earth and Environmental Sciences，Lanzhou University，Lanzhou 730000，China

Received:2025-06-05 Revised:2025-07-17 Online:2026-03-20 Published:2026-04-13
Contact: Zhuo Jia

Abstract

Abstract:

Urban-rural economic integration and urban-rural spatial integration are important dimensions of integrated urban-rural development， and it is the scientific basis for promoting sustainable development of urban-rural areas to reveal the interaction effects between urban-rural economic integration and urban-rural spatial integration. Based on the county-level data of Gansu Province from 2013 to 2022， the urban-rural income relationship was used to depict the development level of urban-rural economic integration and spatio-temporal characteristics of urban-rural economic integration， the urban-rural landscape metrics was used to depict the development level of urban-rural spatial integration and spatio-temporal characteristics of urban-rural spatial integration. Panel vector autoregressive model was used to identify the interaction effects relationship of urban-rural economic integration and urban-rural spatial integration， exploratory spatial data analysis was used to identify spatial correlation of urban-rural economic integration and urban-rural spatial integration， spatial simultaneous equation model was constructed to reveal the interaction effects and spatial effects between urban-rural economic integration and urban-rural spatial integration. The results show that：（1） Urban-rural economic integration and urban-rural spatial integration are both showed upward trend， urban-rural economic integration had a spatial pattern of northwest leading， middle catching up， southeast lagging. Urban-rural spatial integration had a spatial pattern of central counties （cities， districts） decreasing to surrounding counties （cities， districts）， and the high areas of urban-rural spatial integration were mainly distributed along the traffic axis. （2） There were positive interactive relationships between urban-rural economic integration and urban-rural spatial integration， and both had a positive spatial correlation. Urban-rural economic integration of local counties （cities， districts） and urban-rural spatial integration of local counties （cities， districts） had positive interaction effects， and urban-rural economic integration of neighboring counties （cities， districts） and urban-rural spatial integration of neighboring counties （cities， districts） had positive spatial spillover effects respectively， but urban-rural economic integration of neighboring counties （cities， districts） and urban-rural spatial integration of neighboring counties （cities， districts） had negative spatial interaction spillover effects. （3） The level of economic development， the level of government intervention， the level of advanced industrial structure and the level of agricultural modernization promoted urban-rural economic integration， while the level of industrial agglomeration inhibited urban-rural economic integration. The level of industrial structure advancement， the level of land urbanization， the level of fixed asset investment and the level of transportation infrastructure promoted urban-rural spatial integration， while the level of economic development and the level of government intervention inhibited urban-rural spatial integration.

Key words: urban-rural economic integration, urban-rural spatial integration, interaction effects, spatial effects, Gansu Province

CLC Number:

F291.3

Chengyi Zheng, Zhuo Jia, Mingxing Wen. Interaction effects and spatial effects of urban-rural economic integration and urban-rural spatial integration in Gansu Province[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2026, 46(2): 73-85.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig.1 Study area

Table 1 Urban-rural landscape indexes and characteristic description

特征	名称	计算公式	变量说明	属性
扩张特征	蔓延度指数	$C O N T A G = 1 - - ∑ i = 1 m p i j l n p i j 2 l n m$	m为城乡景观中的斑块类型数量，p_ij 为面积加权的概率值	正向
连通特征	内聚力指数	$C O H E S I O N = 100 × 1 - ∑ i = 1 m ∑ j = 1 n p i j ∑ i = 1 m ∑ j = 1 n p i j a i j × 1 - 1 A - 1$	A为城乡景观内的斑块总数，p_ij 为斑块的周长（m），a_ij 为斑块的面积（m²）	正向
聚散特征	聚合度指数	$A I = 100 × ∑ i = 1 M g i i m a x → g i i k i$	g_ii 为城乡景观中所有斑块之间的邻接数，max→g_ii 为城乡景观中所有斑块之间的最大邻接数，k_i 为i类型城乡景观斑块占城乡景观总面积的比例	正向

Table 1 Urban-rural landscape indexes and characteristic description

特征	名称	计算公式	变量说明	属性
扩张特征	蔓延度指数	$C O N T A G = 1 - - ∑ i = 1 m p i j l n p i j 2 l n m$	m为城乡景观中的斑块类型数量，p_ij 为面积加权的概率值	正向
连通特征	内聚力指数	$C O H E S I O N = 100 × 1 - ∑ i = 1 m ∑ j = 1 n p i j ∑ i = 1 m ∑ j = 1 n p i j a i j × 1 - 1 A - 1$	A为城乡景观内的斑块总数，p_ij 为斑块的周长（m），a_ij 为斑块的面积（m²）	正向
聚散特征	聚合度指数	$A I = 100 × ∑ i = 1 M g i i m a x → g i i k i$	g_ii 为城乡景观中所有斑块之间的邻接数，max→g_ii 为城乡景观中所有斑块之间的最大邻接数，k_i 为i类型城乡景观斑块占城乡景观总面积的比例	正向

Fig.2 Spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of urban-rural economic integration in Gansu Province from 2013 to 2022

Fig.3 Spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of urban-rural spatial integration in Gansu Province from 2013 to 2022

Table 2 Unit root test of urban-rural economic integration and urban-rural spatial integration

变量名称	LLC检验	IPS检验	ADF检验	PPF检验	平稳性
lnUEI	-43.081^***	-6.641^***	-78.388^***	-35.048^***	平稳
D(lnUEI)	-60.196^***	-10.199^***	-43.161^***	-19.918^***	平稳
lnUSI	-20.604^***	-0.720	-9.782^***	0.443	非平稳
D(lnUSI)	-16.148^***	-8.198^***	-4.187^***	-27.383^***	平稳

Fig.4 Panel impulse response of urban-rural economic integration and urban-rural spatial integration

Table 3 Global Moran's I of urban-rural economic integration and urban-rural spatial integration in Gansu Province from 2013 to 2022

年份	城乡经济融合		城乡空间融合
年份	Moran's I	Z值	Moran's I	Z值
2013	0.403^***	8.694	0.160^***	3.786
2014	0.414^***	8.815	0.150^***	3.568
2015	0.391^***	8.272	0.140^***	3.369
2016	0.395^***	8.357	0.125^***	3.048
2017	0.404^***	8.510	0.121^***	2.948
2018	0.412^***	8.136	0.118^***	2.903
2019	0.404^***	8.049	0.122^***	2.995
2020	0.404^***	8.010	0.104^***	2.574
2021	0.414^***	8.100	0.128^***	3.112
2022	0.425^***	8.120	0.159^***	3.706

Table 4 OLS and GS3SLSAR estimation results of urban-rural economic integration and urban-rural spatial integration

变量	OLS		GS3SLSAR
变量	城乡经济融合方程	城乡空间融合方程	城乡经济融合方程	城乡空间融合方程
WlnUEI	—	—	0.028^***(4.486)	-0.023^***(-3.876)
WlnUSI	—	—	-0.026^**(-2.206)	0.022^**(1.992)
lnUEI	—	0.193^***(6.280)	—	0.338^***(7.209)
lnUSI	0.301^***(9.014)	—	0.485^***(10.918)	—
lnperGDP	0.151^***(10.805)	-0.058^***(-4.349)	0.168^***(12.251)	-0.084^***(-5.612)
lngov	-0.004(-0.211)	-0.110^***(-7.931)	0.035^*(1.815)	-0.112^***(-8.159)
lnindua	0.052^***(5.632)	0.024^***(2.606)	0.035^***(3.723)	0.023^***(2.533)
lnagg	-0.032^***(-4.700)	—	-0.036^***(-5.192)	—
lnmag	0.082^***(8.587)	—	0.075^***(8.137)	—
lnjl	0.004(0.792)	—	0.004(0.664)	—
lntd	—	0.053^***(8.849)	—	0.051^***(8.670)
lnfai	—	0.032^**(2.445)	—	0.023^*(1.802)
lnlw	—	0.022^***(2.829)	—	0.020^***(2.677)
常数项	-2.565	0.239	-2.451	0.617
样本量	870	870	870	870
R²	0.410	0.411	0.982	0.943

Table 5 The robustness regression results of spatial simultaneous equations of urban-rural economic integration and urban-rural spatial integration

变量	经济距离空间权重矩阵		缩短样本时间
变量	城乡经济融合方程	城乡空间融合方程	城乡经济融合方程	城乡空间融合方程
WlnUEI	1.107^***(30.452)	-0.731^***(-8.514)	0.035^***(4.858)	-0.025^***(-3.668)
WlnUSI	-0.271^***(-4.031)	0.543^***(7.266)	-0.038^***(-2.706)	0.028^**(2.148)
lnUEI	—	0.728^***(10.863)	—	0.245^***(4.825)
lnUSI	0.450^***(10.873)	—	0.408^***(7.799)	—
控制变量	控制	控制	控制	控制
常数项	0.060	0.155	-2.760	0.479
样本量	609	609	609	609
R²	0.995	0.954	0.985	0.946

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Interaction effects and spatial effects of urban-rural economic integration and urban-rural spatial integration in Gansu Province

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