Journal of Desert Research ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1): 229-241.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00137
Kaiyu Liu1,2,4(
), Yanli Zhuang1,2(
), Wenzhi Zhao1,2, Quntao Duan3,4, Baili Chen3,4, Renjie Huang3,4, Tingting Sun3,4, Lihui Luo3
Received:2025-04-16
Revised:2025-05-28
Online:2026-01-20
Published:2026-03-09
Contact:
Yanli Zhuang
CLC Number:
Kaiyu Liu, Yanli Zhuang, Wenzhi Zhao, Quntao Duan, Baili Chen, Renjie Huang, Tingting Sun, Lihui Luo. Progress in spatial and temporal simulation of dew in arid regions[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2026, 46(1): 229-241.
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URL: http://www.desert.ac.cn/EN/10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00137
| 模型类型 | 模型名称 | 模型公式 | 输入参数 | 优点 | 缺点 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 经验模型 | 统计回归模型 | — | 无固定参数输入,选择当地对凝结水形成影响最大的气象因子。通常为常规气象数据(气温、露点温度、风速风向、相对湿度和云量等) | 构建简单,参数易获取,站点模拟精度高 | 气象因子对模型模拟结果影响很大,不适用于区域模拟 |
| 阈值模型 | |||||
| 物理模型 | 能量平衡模型 | Rn=LE+H(叶片表面) Rn=LE+H+G(土壤表面) Rn=Ri+Rhe+Rcond(人造凝结面) | Rn:净辐射;LE:潜热通量;H:显热通量;G:土壤热通量;Ri:凝结面吸收与释放的长波辐射之差;Rhe:凝结面失去的显热;Rcond:凝结水释放的潜热 | 能反映凝结过程中的能量平衡关系 | 模型构建较复杂,计算需要众多参数,且不易获取 |
| Penman-Monteith公式法 | Rn:净辐射;G:土壤热通量;γ:湿度计常数;Δ:饱和蒸汽压随温度的增加;Cn和Cd:随参考作物类型和计算时间步长而变化的常数;U2:2 m高处风速;es:饱和蒸汽压;ea:实际蒸汽压 | 不需要表面温度变量。既考虑了空气动力学和辐射项的作用,又涉及作物的生理特征。可用于区域潜热通量的计算 | 把植物冠层当成整体,不适用于稀疏植被或多种植被覆盖的区域 | ||
| 波文比能量平衡法 | LE:潜热通量;γ:湿度计常数;ΔT和Δea为不同高度冠层的温度差和蒸汽压差 | 计算简单,可模拟植物冠层中凝结水的形成。对大气层没有特别要求和限制,避免了热和蒸汽传导率给模型带来的误差 | 水平衡计算过程中,由于多种因素的影响,易产生误差。只有在开阔均一下垫面才能保证较高精度 | ||
| 涡动相关法 | LE=LE/L | LE:潜热通量;L:汽化潜热(2 450 J·kg-1);D:凝结水量(mm) | 可以直接获取长期的水通量观测数据 | 存在能量不闭合问题,会造成凝结水量的低估 | |
| 半经验模型 | Beysens模型 | H:海拔;Td:露点温度;N:云量;u:10 m处风速;u0:凝结水形成的风速阈值4.4 m·s-1;Ta:气温;b:Td-Ta与露水量的斜率 | 只需要基础的观测数据,适用范围广,可用于区域模拟 | 模型假设的下垫面为发射率为1的凝结面,经验系数不具有普遍适用性 | |
| 人工智能模型 | 人工神经网络模型 | — | 选择对凝结水形成影响较大的影响因子,经过筛选确定输入参数 | 可处理复杂环境下凝结水量与影响因素之间的非线性关系 | 需要大量的训练数据集,对数据质量要求较高 |
| 支持向量机模型 |
Table 1 The main simulation models and their advantages and disadvantages
| 模型类型 | 模型名称 | 模型公式 | 输入参数 | 优点 | 缺点 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 经验模型 | 统计回归模型 | — | 无固定参数输入,选择当地对凝结水形成影响最大的气象因子。通常为常规气象数据(气温、露点温度、风速风向、相对湿度和云量等) | 构建简单,参数易获取,站点模拟精度高 | 气象因子对模型模拟结果影响很大,不适用于区域模拟 |
| 阈值模型 | |||||
| 物理模型 | 能量平衡模型 | Rn=LE+H(叶片表面) Rn=LE+H+G(土壤表面) Rn=Ri+Rhe+Rcond(人造凝结面) | Rn:净辐射;LE:潜热通量;H:显热通量;G:土壤热通量;Ri:凝结面吸收与释放的长波辐射之差;Rhe:凝结面失去的显热;Rcond:凝结水释放的潜热 | 能反映凝结过程中的能量平衡关系 | 模型构建较复杂,计算需要众多参数,且不易获取 |
| Penman-Monteith公式法 | Rn:净辐射;G:土壤热通量;γ:湿度计常数;Δ:饱和蒸汽压随温度的增加;Cn和Cd:随参考作物类型和计算时间步长而变化的常数;U2:2 m高处风速;es:饱和蒸汽压;ea:实际蒸汽压 | 不需要表面温度变量。既考虑了空气动力学和辐射项的作用,又涉及作物的生理特征。可用于区域潜热通量的计算 | 把植物冠层当成整体,不适用于稀疏植被或多种植被覆盖的区域 | ||
| 波文比能量平衡法 | LE:潜热通量;γ:湿度计常数;ΔT和Δea为不同高度冠层的温度差和蒸汽压差 | 计算简单,可模拟植物冠层中凝结水的形成。对大气层没有特别要求和限制,避免了热和蒸汽传导率给模型带来的误差 | 水平衡计算过程中,由于多种因素的影响,易产生误差。只有在开阔均一下垫面才能保证较高精度 | ||
| 涡动相关法 | LE=LE/L | LE:潜热通量;L:汽化潜热(2 450 J·kg-1);D:凝结水量(mm) | 可以直接获取长期的水通量观测数据 | 存在能量不闭合问题,会造成凝结水量的低估 | |
| 半经验模型 | Beysens模型 | H:海拔;Td:露点温度;N:云量;u:10 m处风速;u0:凝结水形成的风速阈值4.4 m·s-1;Ta:气温;b:Td-Ta与露水量的斜率 | 只需要基础的观测数据,适用范围广,可用于区域模拟 | 模型假设的下垫面为发射率为1的凝结面,经验系数不具有普遍适用性 | |
| 人工智能模型 | 人工神经网络模型 | — | 选择对凝结水形成影响较大的影响因子,经过筛选确定输入参数 | 可处理复杂环境下凝结水量与影响因素之间的非线性关系 | 需要大量的训练数据集,对数据质量要求较高 |
| 支持向量机模型 |
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