Sand transport characteristics above gobi surface during a dust storm in northern China

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2022.00096

Journal of Desert Research ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (2): 130-138.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2022.00096

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Sand transport characteristics above gobi surface during a dust storm in northern China

Zhengcai Zhang¹(), Kaijia Pan¹^,², Yan Zhang¹^,², Lanying Han³

^1.Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification，Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Lanzhou 730000，China
^2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100049，China
^3.Meteorological Bureau of Gansu，Lanzhou 730000，China

Received:2022-05-25 Revised:2022-08-05 Online:2023-03-20 Published:2023-04-12

Abstract

Abstract:

The effect of dust storm on human living and production do not speak for themselves. Dust storm occurrence days decreased in recently 70 years， but it had been obviously increased since 2021， and attracted a lot of attentions. However， all the published papers were based on simulation or dust geochemistry， and almost no field data. We used field measurement of sand transport， PM₁₀ concentration and transported aeolian sediment grain size to explain the dust hazard in the dust sources during a strong dust storm. Our results indicated that：（1） Wind velocity was much larger in the dust sources than national weather station data. （2） PM₁₀ concentration can reach to 100 mg·m^-3， and is also larger than national measured data. （3） Sand transport reached to 10 kg·m^-1·h^-1， and dust can be transported longer distance. （4） The mean grain size of transported aeolian material was 0.07 mm， and coarse sand frequency can reach to 9%， and PM₁₀ frequency can reach to 8%. Coarse sand impacted on erodible land surface and caused more dust come into air and supplemented dust concentration in the sources. （5） Sand transport rate increased about 2 times， PM₁₀ concentration increased 2.90 time， and PM₁₀ frequency increased 1.29 time on disturbed land surface than undisturbed land surface， which means that protected gobi land surface can greatly decreased dust material during dust storm.

Key words: dust storm, PM₁₀, sand transport rate, grain size

CLC Number:

P931.3

Zhengcai Zhang, Kaijia Pan, Yan Zhang, Lanying Han. Sand transport characteristics above gobi surface during a dust storm in northern China[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2023, 43(2): 130-138.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig. 1 Dust storm in recently 70 years in Gansu province （A） and Hexi Corridor （B）

Table 1 The study of “3.14” dust storm

作者	数据/方法	主要结论
段伯隆等^[12]	气象、风云卫星、植被覆盖及NCEP再分析资料	干旱少雨、气温偏高；蒙古气旋的强烈发展；地面冷锋后部的大风过境造成；沙尘主要为外来输入
史忠林等^[13]	核素示踪	远距离搬运的风尘沉积或附近黄土；西安沙尘来源于农耕地；中卫沙尘来源于毗邻的腾格里沙漠
张璐等^[14]	HYSPLIT、GDAS	多地PM₁₀峰值浓度超过5 000 μg·m^-3；蒙古气旋及冷锋过境；沙尘源地为萨彦岭和蒙古国南部戈壁沙漠
柳本立等^[15]	数值模拟	“3.14”沙尘75%来源于蒙古国，16、17日84%起源于北方和西北
Filonchyk^[16]	监测站数据	嘉峪关PM₁₀ 浓度可达 10 000 μg·m^-3
Liang等^[17]	地球化学元素	70%来源于蒙古国
Qian等^[18]	再分析资料	热动力过程，主要来源于蒙古国

Fig. 2 Location of study region （A）， field measurements （B）， sand samples and TSI （C）

Fig.3 The spatial distribution of PM10 on January 9， 10， and 11， 2020 around Ejina Banner［31］

Fig. 4 Wind velocity （A）， wind turbulence （B）， wind direction （C） and air temperature and humidity （D） during field experiments

Fig. 5 Wind velocity and turbulence wind velocity （A）， wind turbulence frequency （B）， wind velocity and turbulence （C） and wind turbulence frequency （D） during field experiments

Fig. 6 PM10 concentration during field experiments

Fig. 7 Sand transport rates （A） and PM10 concentration （B） during field experiments

Fig. 8 Mean grain size （A） and coarse sand frequency （B） change with height during field experiments

Fig. 9 Shear velocity （u*， a） and roughness length （z0， b） during field experiments

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Sand transport characteristics above gobi surface during a dust storm in northern China

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