Journal of Desert Research ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 210-221.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00087
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Weihong Zhang1(), Juan Ma1, Ruizhi Zhao1, Wei Zhou1, Xinyi Zhao1, Yanxia Pan2(
)
Received:
2025-02-21
Revised:
2025-04-24
Online:
2025-05-20
Published:
2025-06-30
Contact:
Yanxia Pan
CLC Number:
Weihong Zhang, Juan Ma, Ruizhi Zhao, Wei Zhou, Xinyi Zhao, Yanxia Pan. Plant diversity and community stability in forest ecosystems of Ningxia, China[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2025, 45(3): 210-221.
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URL: http://www.desert.ac.cn/EN/10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00087
样地编号 | 群落类型 | 中心点经纬度 | 海拔/m | 坡向 | 坡度/(°) | 郁闭度 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S1 | 银白杨(人工林,Populus alba) | 38.77744°N,106.75686°E | 1 107.2 | ES | 3~5 | 0.26~0.62 |
S2 | 榆树(人工林,Ulmus pumila) | 38.74928°N,105.91312°E | 1 956.0 | N | 16~30 | 0.21~0.64 |
S3 | 白柳(天然林,Salix alba) | 36.60922°N,105.92803°E | 1 527.5 | EN | 16~30 | 0.20~0.70 |
S4 | 侧柏(人工林,Platycladus orientalis) | 38.14042°N,106.53311°E | 1 248.2 | 0~2 | 0.26~0.67 | |
S5 | 小叶杨(人工林,Populus simonii) | 37.17636°N,107.26292°E | 1 620.8 | E | 0~2 | 0.15~0.55 |
S6 | 山杏(人工林,Prunus sibirica) | 36.08224°N,105.74223°E | 2 238.8 | W | 16~30 | 0.30~0.78 |
S7 | 青海云杉(人工林,Picea crassifolia) | 35.90386°N,106.13914°E | 2 239.1 | W | 16~30 | 0.30~0.85 |
S8 | 华北落叶松(人工林,Larix principis-rupprechtii) | 35.60935°N,106.25889°E | 2 068.5 | WN | 16~30 | 0.40~0.80 |
S9 | 云杉(人工林,Picea asperata) | 35.41835°N,106.32294°E | 1 994.3 | EN | 16~30 | 0.35~0.80 |
S10 | 华北落叶松(人工林,Larix principis-rupprechtii) | 35.30323°N,106.40127°E | 1 997.0 | WN | 6~15 | 0.45~0.75 |
Table 1 The location and general situation of the sample plots
样地编号 | 群落类型 | 中心点经纬度 | 海拔/m | 坡向 | 坡度/(°) | 郁闭度 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S1 | 银白杨(人工林,Populus alba) | 38.77744°N,106.75686°E | 1 107.2 | ES | 3~5 | 0.26~0.62 |
S2 | 榆树(人工林,Ulmus pumila) | 38.74928°N,105.91312°E | 1 956.0 | N | 16~30 | 0.21~0.64 |
S3 | 白柳(天然林,Salix alba) | 36.60922°N,105.92803°E | 1 527.5 | EN | 16~30 | 0.20~0.70 |
S4 | 侧柏(人工林,Platycladus orientalis) | 38.14042°N,106.53311°E | 1 248.2 | 0~2 | 0.26~0.67 | |
S5 | 小叶杨(人工林,Populus simonii) | 37.17636°N,107.26292°E | 1 620.8 | E | 0~2 | 0.15~0.55 |
S6 | 山杏(人工林,Prunus sibirica) | 36.08224°N,105.74223°E | 2 238.8 | W | 16~30 | 0.30~0.78 |
S7 | 青海云杉(人工林,Picea crassifolia) | 35.90386°N,106.13914°E | 2 239.1 | W | 16~30 | 0.30~0.85 |
S8 | 华北落叶松(人工林,Larix principis-rupprechtii) | 35.60935°N,106.25889°E | 2 068.5 | WN | 16~30 | 0.40~0.80 |
S9 | 云杉(人工林,Picea asperata) | 35.41835°N,106.32294°E | 1 994.3 | EN | 16~30 | 0.35~0.80 |
S10 | 华北落叶松(人工林,Larix principis-rupprechtii) | 35.30323°N,106.40127°E | 1 997.0 | WN | 6~15 | 0.45~0.75 |
生活型 | 科名 | 属数 | 物种数 | 生活型 | 科名 | 属数 | 物种数 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
乔木 | 松科(Pinaceae) | 2 | 7 | 灌木 | 苋科(Amaranthaceae) | 5 | 6 |
蔷薇科(Rosaceae) | 3 | 5 | 忍冬科(Caprifoliaceae) | 3 | 6 | ||
杨柳科(Salicaceae) | 2 | 3 | 伞形科(Apiaceae) | 3 | 5 | ||
豆科(Fabaceae) | 2 | 2 | 石竹科(Caryophyllaceae) | 3 | 5 | ||
柏科(Cupressaceae) | 1 | 1 | 牻牛儿苗科(Geraniaceae) | 2 | 4 | ||
胡颓子科(Elaeagnaceae) | 1 | 1 | 茜草科(Rubiaceae) | 2 | 4 | ||
桦木科(Betulaceae) | 1 | 1 | 草本 | 紫草科(Boraginaceae) | 2 | 2 | |
壳斗科(Fagaceae) | 1 | 1 | 木贼科(Equisetaceae) | 1 | 2 | ||
榆科(Ulmaceae) | 1 | 1 | 车前科(Plantaginaceae) | 1 | 2 | ||
苦木科(Simaroubaceae) | 1 | 1 | 蓼科(Polygonaceae) | 1 | 2 | ||
灌木 | 胡颓子科(Elaeagnaceae) | 10 | 11 | 玄参科(Scrophulariaceae) | 2 | 2 | |
豆科(Fabaceae) | 4 | 6 | 莎草科(Cyperaceae) | 1 | 4 | ||
杨柳科(Salicaceae) | 1 | 3 | 兰科(Orchidaceae) | 1 | 1 | ||
木犀科(Oleaceae) | 1 | 2 | 百合科(Liliaceae) | 1 | 1 | ||
苋科(Amaranthaceae) | 1 | 1 | 瑞香科(Thymelaeaceae) | 1 | 1 | ||
鼠李科(Rhamnaceae) | 1 | 1 | 石蒜科(Amaryllidaceae) | 1 | 3 | ||
白刺科(Nitrariaceae) | 1 | 1 | 桔梗科(Campanulaceae) | 1 | 2 | ||
绣球科(Hydrangeaceae) | 1 | 1 | 报春花科(Primulaceae) | 1 | 1 | ||
瑞香科(Thymelaeaceae) | 1 | 1 | 景天科(Crassulaceae) | 1 | 1 | ||
五福花科(Adoxaceae) | 1 | 1 | 荨麻科(Urticaceae) | 1 | 1 | ||
玄参科(Scrophulariaceae) | 1 | 1 | 堇菜科(Violaceae) | 1 | 3 | ||
桦木科(Betulaceae) | 1 | 1 | 龙胆科(Gentiana) | 1 | 1 | ||
忍冬科(Caprifoliaceae) | 1 | 1 | 蒺藜科(Zygophyllaceae) | 1 | 1 | ||
菊科(Asteraceae) | 12 | 25 | 远志科(Polygalaceae) | 1 | 1 | ||
禾本科(Poaceae) | 12 | 19 | 鸢尾科(Iridaceae) | 1 | 1 | ||
豆科(Fabaceae) | 9 | 16 | 列当科(Orobanchaceae) | 1 | 1 | ||
蔷薇科(Rosaceae) | 6 | 15 | 蕨科(Pteridaceae) | 1 | 1 | ||
毛茛科(Ranunculaceae) | 5 | 9 |
Table 2 The number of genera and species of dominant families in forest communities,Ningxia
生活型 | 科名 | 属数 | 物种数 | 生活型 | 科名 | 属数 | 物种数 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
乔木 | 松科(Pinaceae) | 2 | 7 | 灌木 | 苋科(Amaranthaceae) | 5 | 6 |
蔷薇科(Rosaceae) | 3 | 5 | 忍冬科(Caprifoliaceae) | 3 | 6 | ||
杨柳科(Salicaceae) | 2 | 3 | 伞形科(Apiaceae) | 3 | 5 | ||
豆科(Fabaceae) | 2 | 2 | 石竹科(Caryophyllaceae) | 3 | 5 | ||
柏科(Cupressaceae) | 1 | 1 | 牻牛儿苗科(Geraniaceae) | 2 | 4 | ||
胡颓子科(Elaeagnaceae) | 1 | 1 | 茜草科(Rubiaceae) | 2 | 4 | ||
桦木科(Betulaceae) | 1 | 1 | 草本 | 紫草科(Boraginaceae) | 2 | 2 | |
壳斗科(Fagaceae) | 1 | 1 | 木贼科(Equisetaceae) | 1 | 2 | ||
榆科(Ulmaceae) | 1 | 1 | 车前科(Plantaginaceae) | 1 | 2 | ||
苦木科(Simaroubaceae) | 1 | 1 | 蓼科(Polygonaceae) | 1 | 2 | ||
灌木 | 胡颓子科(Elaeagnaceae) | 10 | 11 | 玄参科(Scrophulariaceae) | 2 | 2 | |
豆科(Fabaceae) | 4 | 6 | 莎草科(Cyperaceae) | 1 | 4 | ||
杨柳科(Salicaceae) | 1 | 3 | 兰科(Orchidaceae) | 1 | 1 | ||
木犀科(Oleaceae) | 1 | 2 | 百合科(Liliaceae) | 1 | 1 | ||
苋科(Amaranthaceae) | 1 | 1 | 瑞香科(Thymelaeaceae) | 1 | 1 | ||
鼠李科(Rhamnaceae) | 1 | 1 | 石蒜科(Amaryllidaceae) | 1 | 3 | ||
白刺科(Nitrariaceae) | 1 | 1 | 桔梗科(Campanulaceae) | 1 | 2 | ||
绣球科(Hydrangeaceae) | 1 | 1 | 报春花科(Primulaceae) | 1 | 1 | ||
瑞香科(Thymelaeaceae) | 1 | 1 | 景天科(Crassulaceae) | 1 | 1 | ||
五福花科(Adoxaceae) | 1 | 1 | 荨麻科(Urticaceae) | 1 | 1 | ||
玄参科(Scrophulariaceae) | 1 | 1 | 堇菜科(Violaceae) | 1 | 3 | ||
桦木科(Betulaceae) | 1 | 1 | 龙胆科(Gentiana) | 1 | 1 | ||
忍冬科(Caprifoliaceae) | 1 | 1 | 蒺藜科(Zygophyllaceae) | 1 | 1 | ||
菊科(Asteraceae) | 12 | 25 | 远志科(Polygalaceae) | 1 | 1 | ||
禾本科(Poaceae) | 12 | 19 | 鸢尾科(Iridaceae) | 1 | 1 | ||
豆科(Fabaceae) | 9 | 16 | 列当科(Orobanchaceae) | 1 | 1 | ||
蔷薇科(Rosaceae) | 6 | 15 | 蕨科(Pteridaceae) | 1 | 1 | ||
毛茛科(Ranunculaceae) | 5 | 9 |
S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S5 | S6 | S7 | S8 | S9 | S10 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S1 | 38.71 | 5.41 | 10.53 | 26.67 | 4.65 | 7.55 | 3.23 | 3.39 | 2.94 | |
S2 | 6 | 19.05 | 0.00 | 5.71 | 6.59 | 6.90 | 2.99 | 6.25 | 5.48 | |
S3 | 1 | 4 | 0.00 | 9.76 | 12.37 | 15.62 | 5.48 | 17.14 | 10.13 | |
S4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 8.70 | 2.53 | 0.00 | 3.64 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
S5 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4.44 | 3.51 | 24.24 | 9.52 | 11.11 | |
S6 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 26.55 | 18.03 | 21.85 | 18.75 | |
S7 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 15 | 15.73 | 25.58 | 10.53 | |
S8 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 11 | 7 | 23.16 | 30.77 | |
S9 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 3 | 13 | 11 | 11 | 33.66 | |
S10 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 12 | 5 | 16 | 17 |
Table 3 The number of common species and similarity indices of different forest communities,Ningxia
S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S5 | S6 | S7 | S8 | S9 | S10 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S1 | 38.71 | 5.41 | 10.53 | 26.67 | 4.65 | 7.55 | 3.23 | 3.39 | 2.94 | |
S2 | 6 | 19.05 | 0.00 | 5.71 | 6.59 | 6.90 | 2.99 | 6.25 | 5.48 | |
S3 | 1 | 4 | 0.00 | 9.76 | 12.37 | 15.62 | 5.48 | 17.14 | 10.13 | |
S4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 8.70 | 2.53 | 0.00 | 3.64 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
S5 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4.44 | 3.51 | 24.24 | 9.52 | 11.11 | |
S6 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 26.55 | 18.03 | 21.85 | 18.75 | |
S7 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 15 | 15.73 | 25.58 | 10.53 | |
S8 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 11 | 7 | 23.16 | 30.77 | |
S9 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 3 | 13 | 11 | 11 | 33.66 | |
S10 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 12 | 5 | 16 | 17 |
科 | 属 | 物种 | 重要值 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
乔木 | 松科(Pinaceae) | 落叶松属(Larix) | 华北落叶松(Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii) | 0.606850 |
杨柳科(Salicaceae) | 杨属(Populus) | 小叶杨(Populus simonii) | 0.592391 | |
榆科(Ulmaceae) | 榆属(Ulmus) | 榆(Ulmus pumila) | 0.361476 | |
杨柳科(Salicaceae) | 柳属(Salix) | 白柳(Salix alba) | 0.191937 | |
松科(Pinaceae) | 云杉属(Picea) | 云杉(Picea asperata) | 0.178121 | |
蔷薇科(Rosaceae) | 杏属(Prunus) | 山杏(Prunus armeniaca) | 0.154488 | |
松科(Pinaceae) | 云杉属(Picea) | 青海云杉(Picea crassifolia) | 0.118248 | |
柏科(Cupressaceae) | 侧柏属(Platycladus) | 侧柏(Platycladus orientalis) | 0.096082 | |
桦木科(Betulaceae) | 桦木属(Betula) | 白桦(Betula platyphylla) | 0.047920 | |
松科(Pinaceae) | 松属(Pinus) | 油松(Pinus tabuliformis) | 0.031251 | |
灌木 | 木樨科(Oleaceae) | 丁香属(Syringa) | 紫丁香(Syringa oblata) | 0.466663 |
蔷薇科(Rosaceae) | 绣线菊属(Spiraea) | 土庄绣线菊(Spiraea ouensanensis) | 0.382845 | |
胡颓子科(Elaeagnaceae) | 胡颓子属(Elaeagnus) | 沙枣(Elaeagnus angustifolia) | 0.324926 | |
苋科(Amaranthaceae) | 合头藜属(Sympegma) | 合头藜(Sympegma regelii) | 0.322267 | |
玄参科(Scrophulariaceae) | 醉鱼草属(Buddleja) | 互叶醉鱼草(Buddleja alternifolia) | 0.202626 | |
胡颓子科(Elaeagnaceae) | 沙棘属(Hippophae) | 中国沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. sinensis) | 0.201374 | |
鼠李科(Rhamnaceae) | 枣属(Ziziphus) | 酸枣(Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa) | 0.191694 | |
豆科(Fabaceae) | 胡枝子属(Lespedeza) | 胡枝子(Lespedeza bicolor) | 0.171024 | |
蔷薇科(Rosaceae) | 栒子属(Cotoneaster) | 水栒子(Cotoneaster multiflorus) | 0.146442 | |
豆科(Fabaceae) | 锦鸡儿属(Caragana) | 拧条锦鸡儿(Caragana korshinskii) | 0.089982 | |
草本 | 莎草科(Cyperaceae) | 薹草属(Carex) | 细叶薹草(Carex duriuscula subsp. stenophylloides) | 0.385840 |
禾本科(Poaceae) | 短柄草属(Brachypodium) | 短柄草(Brachypodium sylvaticum) | 0.330244 | |
苋科(Amaranthaceae) | 猪毛菜属(Salsola) | 猪毛菜(Salsola collina) | 0.282245 | |
菊科(Asteraceae) | 蒿属(Artemisia) | 白莲蒿(Artemisia sacrorum) | 0.174499 | |
蔷薇科(Rosaceae) | 草莓属(Fragaria) | 东方草莓(Fragaria orientalis) | 0.167301 | |
禾本科(Poaceae) | 披碱草属(Elymus) | 鹅观草(Elymus kamoji) | 0.125597 | |
禾本科(Poaceae) | 赖草属(Leymus) | 赖草(Leymus secalinus) | 0.101069 | |
菊科(Asteraceae) | 香青属(Anaphalis) | 黄腺香青(Anaphalis aureopunctata) | 0.091889 | |
蔷薇科(Rosaceae) | 委陵菜属(Potentilla) | 等齿委陵菜(Potentilla simulatrix) | 0.085287 | |
唇形科(Lamiaceae) | 百里香属(Thymus) | 百里香(Thymus mongolicus) | 0.071131 |
Table 4 Main species composition and important value of forest community in Ningxia
科 | 属 | 物种 | 重要值 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
乔木 | 松科(Pinaceae) | 落叶松属(Larix) | 华北落叶松(Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii) | 0.606850 |
杨柳科(Salicaceae) | 杨属(Populus) | 小叶杨(Populus simonii) | 0.592391 | |
榆科(Ulmaceae) | 榆属(Ulmus) | 榆(Ulmus pumila) | 0.361476 | |
杨柳科(Salicaceae) | 柳属(Salix) | 白柳(Salix alba) | 0.191937 | |
松科(Pinaceae) | 云杉属(Picea) | 云杉(Picea asperata) | 0.178121 | |
蔷薇科(Rosaceae) | 杏属(Prunus) | 山杏(Prunus armeniaca) | 0.154488 | |
松科(Pinaceae) | 云杉属(Picea) | 青海云杉(Picea crassifolia) | 0.118248 | |
柏科(Cupressaceae) | 侧柏属(Platycladus) | 侧柏(Platycladus orientalis) | 0.096082 | |
桦木科(Betulaceae) | 桦木属(Betula) | 白桦(Betula platyphylla) | 0.047920 | |
松科(Pinaceae) | 松属(Pinus) | 油松(Pinus tabuliformis) | 0.031251 | |
灌木 | 木樨科(Oleaceae) | 丁香属(Syringa) | 紫丁香(Syringa oblata) | 0.466663 |
蔷薇科(Rosaceae) | 绣线菊属(Spiraea) | 土庄绣线菊(Spiraea ouensanensis) | 0.382845 | |
胡颓子科(Elaeagnaceae) | 胡颓子属(Elaeagnus) | 沙枣(Elaeagnus angustifolia) | 0.324926 | |
苋科(Amaranthaceae) | 合头藜属(Sympegma) | 合头藜(Sympegma regelii) | 0.322267 | |
玄参科(Scrophulariaceae) | 醉鱼草属(Buddleja) | 互叶醉鱼草(Buddleja alternifolia) | 0.202626 | |
胡颓子科(Elaeagnaceae) | 沙棘属(Hippophae) | 中国沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. sinensis) | 0.201374 | |
鼠李科(Rhamnaceae) | 枣属(Ziziphus) | 酸枣(Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa) | 0.191694 | |
豆科(Fabaceae) | 胡枝子属(Lespedeza) | 胡枝子(Lespedeza bicolor) | 0.171024 | |
蔷薇科(Rosaceae) | 栒子属(Cotoneaster) | 水栒子(Cotoneaster multiflorus) | 0.146442 | |
豆科(Fabaceae) | 锦鸡儿属(Caragana) | 拧条锦鸡儿(Caragana korshinskii) | 0.089982 | |
草本 | 莎草科(Cyperaceae) | 薹草属(Carex) | 细叶薹草(Carex duriuscula subsp. stenophylloides) | 0.385840 |
禾本科(Poaceae) | 短柄草属(Brachypodium) | 短柄草(Brachypodium sylvaticum) | 0.330244 | |
苋科(Amaranthaceae) | 猪毛菜属(Salsola) | 猪毛菜(Salsola collina) | 0.282245 | |
菊科(Asteraceae) | 蒿属(Artemisia) | 白莲蒿(Artemisia sacrorum) | 0.174499 | |
蔷薇科(Rosaceae) | 草莓属(Fragaria) | 东方草莓(Fragaria orientalis) | 0.167301 | |
禾本科(Poaceae) | 披碱草属(Elymus) | 鹅观草(Elymus kamoji) | 0.125597 | |
禾本科(Poaceae) | 赖草属(Leymus) | 赖草(Leymus secalinus) | 0.101069 | |
菊科(Asteraceae) | 香青属(Anaphalis) | 黄腺香青(Anaphalis aureopunctata) | 0.091889 | |
蔷薇科(Rosaceae) | 委陵菜属(Potentilla) | 等齿委陵菜(Potentilla simulatrix) | 0.085287 | |
唇形科(Lamiaceae) | 百里香属(Thymus) | 百里香(Thymus mongolicus) | 0.071131 |
样地编号 | Patrick丰富度指数(R) | Shannon-Wiener指数(H) | Simpson 指数(D) | Pielous均匀 度指数(J) |
---|---|---|---|---|
S1 | 13 | 2.022913 | 0.825633 | 0.788676 |
S2 | 18 | 2.513428 | 0.897469 | 0.869587 |
S3 | 24 | 2.657591 | 0.898071 | 0.836232 |
S4 | 5 | 1.334628 | 0.663115 | 0.829251 |
S5 | 17 | 2.033805 | 0.803963 | 0.717844 |
S6 | 72 | 3.424373 | 0.945973 | 0.800711 |
S7 | 40 | 2.755864 | 0.892065 | 0.747074 |
S8 | 48 | 2.833742 | 0.904724 | 0.732006 |
S9 | 46 | 3.089544 | 0.918483 | 0.806956 |
S10 | 55 | 3.134854 | 0.928036 | 0.782279 |
Table 5 Plant species diversity index of forest community in Ningxia
样地编号 | Patrick丰富度指数(R) | Shannon-Wiener指数(H) | Simpson 指数(D) | Pielous均匀 度指数(J) |
---|---|---|---|---|
S1 | 13 | 2.022913 | 0.825633 | 0.788676 |
S2 | 18 | 2.513428 | 0.897469 | 0.869587 |
S3 | 24 | 2.657591 | 0.898071 | 0.836232 |
S4 | 5 | 1.334628 | 0.663115 | 0.829251 |
S5 | 17 | 2.033805 | 0.803963 | 0.717844 |
S6 | 72 | 3.424373 | 0.945973 | 0.800711 |
S7 | 40 | 2.755864 | 0.892065 | 0.747074 |
S8 | 48 | 2.833742 | 0.904724 | 0.732006 |
S9 | 46 | 3.089544 | 0.918483 | 0.806956 |
S10 | 55 | 3.134854 | 0.928036 | 0.782279 |
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